Table A1.

Robustness checks: food price as an additional control variable.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)
	Grain	Red Meat	Poultry	Aquatic Products	Eggs	Dairy	Vegetables	Fruits
Panel A: Urban areas
Number of confirmed cases	0.015 ***	−0.013 **	0.018 **	0.001	0.013 **	0.010 **	0.007	−0.005
	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.007)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.004)
Food price	−0.001	−0.002 *	0.001	−0.006 ***	−0.004 ***	−0.006 ***	−0.001	−0.000
	(0.005)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.001)
R 2	0.280	0.130	0.604	0.295	0.669	0.107	0.127	0.373
Panel B: Rural areas
Number of confirmed cases	0.022 ***	−0.016 *	0.029 ***	0.015 ***	0.030 ***	0.021 ***	0.008	−0.007
	(0.004)	(0.009)	(0.005)	(0.004)	(0.005)	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.005)
Food price	−0.003	−0.003	−0.001	−0.007 **	−0.006 ***	−0.007 **	−0.001	0.000
	(0.006)	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.003)	(0.001)	(0.003)	(0.001)	(0.001)
R 2	0.346	0.297	0.802	0.691	0.684	0.274	0.188	0.668

Notes: Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the provincial level. All regressions included control variables, including per capita GDP, proportion of output value of the primary industry, child support ratio, old-age dependency ratio, and illiteracy rate. Provincial fixed effects and year fixed effects are also controlled in the regressions. Food price was measured using the food price index (i.e., current food price is divided by that of last year, then multiplied by 100). The food price variable for each column was different depending on the category of food examined. * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.