TABLE 1.
Chemical composition of the hydrothermal vent fluid
| Parameter | Vent fluid | Onshore geothermal water (26) | Seawatera |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temp (°C) | 71.4 | 80 | |
| pH temp (°C) | 10.03/24 | 9.95/20 | 8.0/25 |
| H2S (mg/liter) | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0 |
| Carbonate (mg/liter) | 25 | 13 | 102 |
| Total dissolved (mg/liter) | 291 | 223 | |
| Silica (mg/liter) | 93.7 | 92.3 | 2.9 |
| Sodium (mg/liter) | 79.2 | 53 | 10,800 |
| Potassium (mg/liter) | 1.62 | 1.0 | 390 |
| Calcium (mg/liter) | 2.45 | 3.6 | 410 |
| Magnesium (mg/liter) | 2.59 | 0.006 | 1,290 |
| Sulfate (mg/liter) | 19.5 | 43 | 2,700 |
| Chloride (mg/liter) | 44.7 | 11 | 19,400 |
| Fluoride (mg/liter) | 0.86 | 0.47 | 1.3 |
| Bromide (mg/liter) | 0.19 | 67.3 | |
| Boron (mg/liter) | 0.19 | 0.16 | 4.45 |
| Aluminum (mg/liter) | 0.122 | 0.10 | 0.001 |
| Iron (mg/liter) | 0.0081 | 0.012 | 0.003 |
| Manganese (mg/liter) | 0.0001 | 0.002 | 0.0004 |
| δ 18O (‰) | −13.13 | −14.12 | 0 |
| δ D (‰) | −92.9 | −102.2 | 0 |
| δ 13C (‰) | −9.44 | ||
| Apparent 14C age (yrs) | 11,000 ± 90 | ||
| Mercury (mg/liter) | 0.000014 | 0.00015 | |
| Copper (mg/liter) | 0.0012 | 0.0009 | |
| Arsenic (mg/liter) | 0.0208 | 0.0026 | |
| Cadmium (mg/liter) | 0.00011 | 0.0001 | |
| Lead (mg/liter) | 0.0002 | 0.00003 | |
| Chromium (mg/liter) | 0.0010 | 0.0002 | |
| Zinc (mg/liter) | 0.0008 | 0.005 |
a
Seawater according to Turekian (28); not measured.