Table 4.
Study | Population (P) | Characteristics | Intervention (I) | Duration | Comparison (C) | Methodological Characteristics | Outcome (O) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Friese et al. [35] | 40 FM, 26 M | A = 43.27 ± 11.9 years | Watching video in condition (suppressing all emotions) | 6.5 min | Watching video naturally | Not reported | d2 performance (attention and concentration) decreases in I vs. C |
Yusainy and Lawrence [36] | 58 FM, 52 M | A = 19.52 ± 2.03 years | Watching video with condition | 6 min | Watching video without condition | RCT | Aggression increases in I vs. C; |
Wang et al. [37] | 46 FM, 14 M | University students; A = 21.33 ± 1.00 years | Mental calculation task | 15 min | N/A | RCT | Handgrip time decreases in posttest vs. pretest |
Stocker et al. [16] | 18 FM, 16 M | Freshman studying sport science; A = 20.85 ± 1.31 years | Transcribe a neutral text (omit all letters “e” and “n”) | 6 min | Transcribe a neutral text conventionally | RCT | Ego-depletion increases in I vs. C; number of repetition characters decrease and errors increase in I vs. C |
Axelsen et al. [38] | 47 FM, 43 M | G1 = 23 (A = 34.5 ± 10.3 years) G2 = 22 (A = 35.9 ± 12.3 years) G3 = 21 (A = 32.8 ± 9.3 years) G4 = 24 (A = 34.6 ±10.6 years) |
AX-CPT | 90 min | N/A | RCT | MF increases in posttest vs. pretest; incorrect responses increase in final 15 min vs. first 15 min; % no go success rate decreases in posttest vs. pretest |
Shaabani et al. [39] | 72 M | Experienced basketball players; urban league; A = 28.6 ± 4.0; H = 193.0 ± 7.5 cm; |
Incongruent modified Stroop color-word task | 15 min | Congruent modified Stroop color-word task | RCT | Ego-depletion increases in I vs. C; free throw shooting score decreases in I vs. C |
Zhu et al. [40] | 14 M | Soccer player; A = 24.3 ± 3.7 years; H = 1.74 ± 0.05 cm; W = 68.3 ± 5.1 kg; VO2max: 47.0 ± 4.4 mL/kg/min; average training years: 2.5 | Stroop | About 3 min × 3 times | N/A | RCT | MF = in post vs. pretest |
Coimbra et al. [41] | 30 FM | Volleyball athletes; A = U-16, U-14, and U-13 | N/A | N/A | N/A | RCT | Not reported |
Note. A age, AX-CPT AX continuous performance test, C control, FM female, H height, I intervention, G group, M male, MF mental fatigue, N/A not applicable, RCT randomized controlled trial, U under, W weight.