Table 5.

Overview of mindfulness-based interventions.

Study	Population (P)	Intervention (I)	Duration	Comparison (C)	Outcome (O)
Friese et al. [35]	40 FM, 26 M	Meditation	5 min	Six connect-the-dots figures	d2 performance (attention and concentration) increases in I vs. C
Yusainy and Lawrence [36]	58 FM, 52 M	Audio instruction	15 min	Two neutral educational excepts and composing words in condition	Aggression in TCRT task decreases in I vs. C
Wang et al. [37]	46 FM, 14 M	Meditation practice	5 min	N/A	Handgrip time = posttest vs. pretest
Stocker et al. [16]	18 FM, 16 M	Audio mindfulness exercise	4 min	Listening to audiobooks	Plank exercise performance increased in I vs. C but did not reach statistical significance
Axelsen et al. [38]	47 FM, 43 M	1. listening guided mindfulness audio 2. M training and listening guided mindfulness audio	1. 12 min 2. 4-week and 12 min	Sitting and relaxing in front of the desktop PC	1. % No go success rate (mind-wandering) = in I vs. C 2. % No go success rate (mind-wandering) increases in I vs. C
Shaabani et al. [39]	72 M	Audio mindfulness training	15 min	Listening to an audio story	State mindfulness increases in I vs. C; free throw shooting score increases in I vs. C
Zhu et al. [40]	14 M	CHO-electrolyte solution and audio MBI	6 min	CHO-electrolyte solution and travelling introduction audio	MF decreases in I vs. C
Coimbra et al. [41]	30 FM	Mindfulness-based mental training	10 min for 14 times in 2-weeks	Not reported	MF decreases in I vs. C

Note. C control, CHO carbohydrate, FM female, I intervention, M male, MF mental fatigue, TCRT Taylor Competitive Reaction Time.