Table 2.
Confounder adjustments and statistically significant findings (p < 0.05) of the studies selected in the review.
| Study Authors | Confounder Adjustments | Significant Associations (p < 0.5) |
|---|---|---|
| Eguchi et al. [39] | Gender, age, BMI, perchlorate, iodide, thiocyanate, cholesterol, triglyceride, γ-GTP, living site, consumption of meat and eggs, and consumption of marine fish | None |
| Gravel et al. [40] | Age, BMI, blood cadmium and lead, and smoking status | TT4: ↑ BDE 209 (males); and FT3: ↓ BDE 153 and 209 |
| Guo et al. [41] | Gender, BMI, and cough | None |
| Guo et al. [42] | Gender, BMI, dyspnoea, chest tightness, and smoking | TT3: ↑ BDE 47 and 99; TT4: ↓ BDE 153, 183 and ∑PBDEs; FT3: ↑ BDE 47; FT4: ↓BDE 153 and 183; and TSH: ↓ BDE 47 and 100 |
| Julander et al. [43] | BMI | TT3: ↑ BDE 183; FT4: ↑BDE 28 and 100; TSH: ↑ BDE 99 and 154 |
| Lv et al. [44] | Maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weeks, and maternal parity | None |
| Wang et al. [45] | Gender, age, plasma total lipids, alcohol consumption, and smoking status | None |
| Xu et al. [46] | None stated | ACTH: ↑ BDE 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154 |
| Xu et al. [47] | Gender and age | FT4: ↓ BDE 47 |
| Xu et al. [48] | Gender, age, and BMI | FT3: ↓ BDE 100 and ∑PBDEs; FT4: ↓ BDE 100, 153, 154 and 183; TSH: ↑ BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 154, 209 and ∑PBDEs |
| Yu et al. [49] | Age, BMI, abstinence time, smoking status, and alcohol consumption | Serum-TT3: ↑ BDE 183; TT4: ↓ BDE 183; FT3: ↑ BDE 47; E2: ↓BDE 47 Semen-FT3: ↓; TSH: ↓ BDE: 154; total T: ↑ BDE 183; E2: ↓ BDE 154; semen volume: ↓ BDE 47 and 153; total sperm count: ↓ BDE 153 |
| Zheng et al. [50] | Gender, age, BMI, and occupational exposure duration of e-waste recycling. ∑PBDEs were also adjusted for smoking. | TT3: ↑ BDE 47 |
| Zheng et al. [51] | Maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational weeks, and maternal parity | TT4: ↓ BDE 99 and 153 |
| Guo et al. [52] | Females—dyspnoea, chest tightness, and palpitation Males—sore throat and loose cough |
Males—Total T: ↑BDE 47, 100, 153, 183 and ∑PBDEs; Pr: ↑ BDE 47; LH: ↑ BDE 99, 100; E2: ↑ BDE 47, 209 and ∑PBDEs Females—FSH: ↓ BDE 153, 154, 183 and ∑PBDEs; LH: ↓ BDE 183; E2: ↑ BDE 153 and 183 |
| Yu et al. [53] | Age, BMI, abstinence time, smoking status, and alcohol consumption | Sperm concentration: ↓ BDE 47; total sperm count: ↓ BDE 47 |
| Li et al. [54] | None stated for Spearman’s correlation analysis (used for neonatal health outcome and PBDE concentration relationship analysis) | Head circumference: ↓ ∑PBDEs; birth length: ↑ ∑PBDEs; BMI: ↓ ∑PBDEs; Apgar score: ↓ ∑PBDEs |
| Wu et al. [55] | None stated | Gestational age: ↑ BDE 28; adverse birth outcomes: ↑ BDE 28, 47, 99, 153, 183, ∑PBDEs |
| Xu et al. [56] | Education, parity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption | Head circumference: ↓ BDE 47 and ∑PBDEs; birth length: ↑ BDE 47; BMI: ↓ BDE 47, 99, 100, 183, 209 and ∑PBDEs; Apgar score: ↓ BDE 28, 47, 153, 183 and ∑PBDEs |
| Xu et al. [57] | None stated | IGF-1: ↑ BDE 154 and 209; gestational age: ↑ BDE 100 and 154 |
Notes: BMI—body mass index; γ-GTP—gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; TT3—total triiodothyronine; TT4—total thyroxine; FT3—free triiodothyronine; FT4—free thyroxine; TSH—thyroid-stimulating hormone; T—testosterone; Pr—progesterone; LH—luteinizing hormone; FSH—follicle-stimulating hormone; E2—estradiol; ACTH—adrenocorticotropic hormone; IGF-1—insulin-like growth factor.