Table 1 |.

Pancreatic cancer risk factors

Risk factor	Associated risk of pancreatic cancer	Refs
Cigarette smoking	∼1.7-fold increased risk compared with never smokers	13–16
Obesity	∼1.6-fold increased risk in individuals with obesity compared with those with normal weight	39,40,42
Alcohol use	1.6-fold increased risk in those consuming >6 drinks per day compared with those consuming >1 drink per day	45–49
New-onset diabetes	<0.3–0.8% of patients with new-onset diabetes develop pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma within 3 years of diabetes diagnosis	31–33
Long-standing diabetes	1.5–2-fold increased risk of pancreatic cancer for individuals with diabetes of >3 years in duration	26–30
Family history of pancreatic cancer	Twofold increased risk in individuals with a single family member with pancreatic cancer compared with the general population; sevenfold increased risk in individuals with multiple family members with pancreatic cancer compared with the general population	78
Pancreatitis	Twofold to threefold increased risk in individuals with long-standing chronic pancreatitis	50–52
Allergy	25% lower risk of developing pancreatic cancer	53–56