Table 3.
Summary of findings on association between mycotoxin-linked mutations and cancer risks.
| Ref. | Author | Year | Sample Size | Mycotoxin | Technique | LOD:LOQ | Cancer Type (s) | RRs | ORs | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [35] | Bulatao-Jayme | 1982 | 180 | Aflatoxins | N/R | N/R | PLC | 1/3.9/17.5/35.0 | N/R | N/R |
| [36] | Parkin | 1991 | 206 | Aflatoxins | ELISA | N/R | PLC | N/R | 1.4 | 0.8–14.6 |
| [37] | Chao | 1994 | 481 | Aflatoxins | N/R | PLC:HCC | N/R | N/R | N/R | |
| [38] | Wang | 1996 | 276 | Aflatoxins | ELISA | 0.1 fm/ug | PLC:HCC | N/R | 7.22 | 1.5–34.3 |
| [39] | Omer | 1998 | 58 | Aflatoxins | HPLC | N/R | PLC:HCC | N/R | 7.5 | 1.4–40.2 |
| [40] | Zang | 1998 | 267 | Aflatoxins | N/R | PLC:HCC | N/R | 16.44 | 1.67–61.65 | |
| [41] | Pillay | 2002 | 106 | Zearalenone α-zearalanol b-zearalenol |
HPLC GC-MS |
25 ng/mL | Breast: cervix | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| [42] | Wu | 2008 | 364 | Aflatoxin B1 | ELISA | 0.2 ng/mL | PLC:HCC | N/R | 7.5 | 3.14–16.46 |
| [43] | Wu | 2009 | 1102 | Aflatoxin B1 | ELISA | N/R | PLC:HCC | N/R | 5.5 | 1.3–23.4 |
| [44]a | Persson | 2012 | 551 | FumonisinB1 | HPLC-MS-MS | 6 pg/L:20 pg/L | PLC:HCC | N/R | 1.1 | 0.64–1.89 |
| [44]b | Persson | 2012 | 219 | FumonisinB1 | HPLC-MS- MS | 6 pg/L:20 pg/L | PLC:HCC | N/R | 1.47 | 0.70–3.07 |
| [49] | Chen | 2013 | 652 | Aflatoxins | N/R | N/R | PLC | 7.3, 3.4, 59.4 | N/R | N/R |
| [45] | Lai | 2014 | 218 | Aflatoxins | ELISA | N/R | PLC:HCC | N/R | 5.24 | 2.77–9.88 |
| [46] | Belhassen | 2015 | 110 | α-zearalanol | UHPLC-MS/MS | 0.2 ng/mL:0.7 ng/mL | Breast | N/R | 1.54 | 1.10–2.77 |
| [47] | Ouhibi | 2020 | 100 | Citrinin and Patulin | LC-MS/MS | 1 ng/mL:2.88 ng/mL | Colorectal | N/R | N/R | N/R |
| [48] | Niknejad | 2021 | 27 | NEO, HT-2, T-2 | GC-MS/MS | 0.25:0.5 ug/L 1:2 ug/L 0.5:1 ug/L |
Esophageal | N/R | N/R | N/R |
Abbreviations: HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HBV, hepatitis B virus; LOQ, limit of quantification; LOD, limit of detection; N/R, not reported; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval; PLC, primary liver cancer; 7.3,3.4,59.4 RR: 7.3 (men with HBV, no aflatoxin) RR: 3.4 (men with aflatoxin, no HBV) RR: 59.4 (men with HBV, urinary aflatoxin biomarkers); RR = 1; Light Aflatoxin, Heavy Alcohol, RR = 3.9; Heavy Aflatoxin, Light Alcohol, RR = 17.5; Heavy Aflatoxin, Heavy Alcohol, RR = 35.0.