Table 5.

Algal cells with different immobilized carriers in wastewater treatment, based on [3,265].

Carrier Used	Group of Carrier	Algae Species	Removed Contaminants	References
Alginate	Organic carrier (natural polymers)	Chlorella	Ni, Zn, Cd	[277]
		Pediastrum boryanum	Cr (VI)	[278]
		Chlorella vulgaris	Cu, Ni	[279]
Alginate beads		Chlorella emersonii	Hg	[280]
		Tetraselmis chui	Cu, Cd	[9]
Alginate gel		Isochrysis galbana	Cr (III)	[281]
Alginate		Dunaliella salina	P	[282]
Alginate		Chlorella vulgaris Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	Pb	[3]
Alginate		Scenedesmus intermedius	N, P	[272]
Chitosan	Organic carrier (natural polymers)	Scenedesmus spp.	Nitrate, phosphate	[283]
Carrageenan beads	Organic carrier (natural polymers)	Scenedesmus acutus Chlorella vulgaris	Zn, Cd, Cr	[284]
Carrageenan		Anabaena doliolum Chlorella vulgaris	N, P	[285]
Polyurethane foam	Organic carrier (synthetic polymers)	Scenedesmus acutus Chlorella vulgaris	Zn, Cd, Cr	[284]
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) beads	Organic carrier (synthetic polymers)	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	U (VI)	[7]
Silica gel	Organic carrier (synthetic polymers)	Chlorella vulgaris	Hg	[286]
Glass beads	Inorganic carrier	Aulosira fertilissima	Ni, Cr	[287]