Table 4.

Association of physical activity (PA) variables at 2nd trimester with diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 2nd trimester fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (N = 197).

	GDM (i)						2nd Trimester FPG (ii)
	Model 1			Model 2			Model 1			Model 2			Model 3
PA Variable (Unit: 10 Minutes/Week)	aOR	95% CI	p	aOR	95% CI	p	eb	95% CI	p	eb	95% CI	p	eb	95% CI	p
Accelerometer-based (iii)
Light PA	1.008	(0.997, 1.019)	0.174	1.009	(0.996, 1.021)	0.179	1.001	(1.0002, 1.002) *	0.023	1.001	(1.00003, 1.002) *	0.044	1.001	(0.9998, 1.002)	0.089
MVPA	1.014	(0.998, 1.005)	0.480	1.001	(0.996, 1.005)	0.745	1.002	(0.998, 1.006)	0.412	1.001	(0.997, 1.006)	0.484	1.002	(0.998, 1.006)	0.347
Total PA	1.008	(0.997, 1.019)	0.136	1.008	(0.996, 1.021)	0.171	1.001	(1.0003, 1.002) *	0.015	1.001	(1.0001, 1.002) *	0.032	1.001	(0.99997, 1.002)	0.058
Self-reported (vi)	OR	95% CI	p
Walking	1.006	(1.001, 1.011) *	0.029	1.005	(0.998, 1.011)	0.148	1.0002	(0.9996, 1.001)	0.452	1.0003	(0.9996, 1.001)	0.401	1.0002	(0.9995, 1.001)	0.580
Non-walking MPA [n = 134]	1.009	(0.998, 1.019)	0.100	1.014	(0.9998, 1.028)	0.054	1.001	(0.9999, 1.002)	0.073	1.001	(0.9998, 1.002)	0.085	1.001	(0.99987, 1.002)	0.079
None [n = 63]	Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference			Reference
Any non-walking MPA [n = 134]	2.712	(0.760, 9.673)	0.124	3.386	(0.813, 14.094)	0.094	0.994	(0.903, 1.095)	0.908	0.960	(0.870, 1.058)	0.411	0.959	(0.871, 1.057)	0.401
Total MPA	1.006	(1.002, 1.010) **	0.006	1.006	(1.001, 1.012) *	0.024	1.0004	(0.9998, 1.001)	0.167	1.0004	(0.9999, 1.0009)	0.154	1.0003	(0.9998, 1.0009)	0.231
Total MVPA	1.006	(1.002, 1.010) **	0.006	1.006	(1.001, 1.012) *	0.021	1.0003	(0.9998, 1.0001)	0.184	1.0004	(0.9998, 1.001)	0.179	1.0003	(0.9998, 1.001)	0.259

Notes: OR = odds ratios; aOR = adjusted odds ratio; e^b = antilogarithm of regression coefficient, interpreted as the proportional increase (if >1) or decrease (if <1) in outcome variable associated with a 1-unitincrease in independent variable; CI = confidence interval; p = p value; BMI = body mass index. Model 1: Only adjusted for wear time (accelerometer-based only). Model 2: Model 1 + covariates. Model 3: Model 2 + 1st trimester FPG. ⁽ⁱ⁾ Estimates are obtained from logistic regression. ⁽ⁱⁱ⁾ Estimates are obtained from general linear model. ⁽ⁱⁱⁱ⁾ Covariates include wear time, gestational week, age, education attainment, household monthly income, employment status, primipara, in vitro fertilisation, miscarriage history, pre-pregnancy BMI. ^(vi) Covariates include gestational week, age, education attainment, household monthly income, employment status, primipara, in vitro fertilisation, miscarriage history, pre-pregnancy BMI. * p < 0.050, ** p < 0.010. To avoid confusion, more than three decimal digits are reported (as 1.000 would have been shown if the estimate was rounded to three decimal digits).