Table 3.
Mean values for each item or construct of the questionnaire, sociodemographic level, BMI, and label reading percentages for the participants who followed a diet.
| Sex | Age Group (Years) | Education Level | Body Mass Index | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | 18–24 | 25–34 | 35–44 | 45–54 | 55–64 | ≥65 | Low | Medium | High | Underweight | Normal Weight | Overweight | Obese | |
| NK | 12.5 | 11.7 | 12.7 | 11.7 | 12.2 | 12.7 | 10.7 | 11.7 | 10.4 b | 11.2 b | 12.8 a | 14.7 | 11.9 | 11.7 | 13.4 |
| ATFL | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 4.3 |
| NR.1 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 4.6 | 4.6 a | 3.8 ab | 3.7 b | 2.7 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.1 |
| NR.2 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| NR.3 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| NR.4 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.3 a | 2.8 ab | 2.0 b | 1.3 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| NR.5 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
| NR.6 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 1.3 b | 2.8 a | 3.1 a | 3.2 a |
| NR.7 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 1.6 b | 2.8 ab | 3.2 a | 3.3 a |
| NR.8 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 1.7 b | 3.0 ab | 3.2 a | 3.4 a |
| NR.9 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 a | 3.0 ab | 2.4 b | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
| FCQ Health | 6.2 a | 5.8 b | 5.7 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 5.9 | 6.1 |
| FCQ Mood | 5.9 a | 5.6 b | 5.7 ab | 5.7 ab | 5.5 b | 6.2 a | 6.3 a | 6.0 ab | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
| FCQ Easy | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 4.6 b | 5.0 ab | 5.3 a | 5.6 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.2 |
| FCQ Proximity | 5.9 a | 5.5 b | 5.5 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.8 |
| FCQ Sensory Appeal | 6.0 a | 5.6 b | 5.3 b | 5.7 b | 5.7 b | 6.0 ab | 6.5 a | 6.2 ab | 5.5 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.8 |
| FCQ Natural Content | 5.7 a | 5.3 b | 5.7 ab | 5.4 ab | 5.2 b | 5.8 a | 6.2 a | 5.8 ab | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
| FCQ Cheap | 4.0 | 3.9 | 4.4 ab | 4.6 a | 3.9 ab | 3.5 ab | 3.5 b | 3.6 ab | 3.9 ab | 4.3 a | 3.8 b | 2.3 b | 3.9 a | 4.1 a | 4.2 a |
| FCQ Value for money | 5.9 a | 5.6 b | 4.9 b | 5.8 ab | 5.5 ab | 6.1 a | 6.4 a | 6.1 a | 5.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.7 | 5.7 | 6.2 |
| FCQ Weight Control | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.2 ab | 5.3 ab | 5.1 b | 5.8 a | 5.4 ab | 5.6 ab | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 4.7 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.6 |
| FCQ Familiarity | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.1 |
| Fiber impact | 19.9 a | 17.6 b | 19.3 abc | 17.7 bc | 18.0 bc | 22.4 a | 21.5 ab | 13.7 c | 15.8 | 19.3 | 18.9 | 23.2 | 19.0 | 18.5 | 17.1 |
| Sugar impact | 25.5 a | 23.3 b | 25.9 | 25.0 | 22.7 | 26.5 | 27.5 | 22.0 | 23.1 | 23.2 | 25.3 | 29.1 | 24.7 | 23.3 | 25.4 |
| Saturated fats impact | 23.9 | 23.2 | 22.5 | 24.2 | 21.8 | 26.5 | 27.1 | 21.1 | 22.2 | 23.2 | 24.0 | 25.2 | 24.0 | 22.7 | 24.2 |
| Salt impact | 19.8 | 18.2 | 14.6 | 18.8 | 17.9 | 21.5 | 22.8 | 17.6 | 19.0 | 19.1 | 18.9 | 18.0 | 19.5 | 18.5 | 18.4 |
| Mineral impact | 16.1 | 15.5 | 11.9 ab | 15.8 ab | 15.9 a | 17.9 a | 17.8 a | 10.4 b | 14.6 | 16.2 | 15.7 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 15.9 | 13.0 |
| Carbohydrates impact | 21.6 a | 19.3 b | 18.7 ab | 21.7 a | 19.0 ab | 23.7 a | 23.0 a | 15.0 b | 17.0 | 20.8 | 20.8 | 19.6 | 20.9 | 19.6 | 21.4 |
| Cholesterol impact | 20.8 | 19.8 | 14.9 b | 20.8 ab | 18.2 b | 24.6 a | 22.9 ab | 20.0 ab | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.0 | 21.3 | 20.6 | 19.7 | 20.0 |
| Total fat impact | 24.3 | 22.3 | 23.9 | 23.9 | 21.4 | 26.6 | 25.9 | 20.2 | 22.6 | 22.6 | 23.8 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 22.2 | 24.1 |
| Protein impact | 20.2 | 19.1 | 24.7 a | 20.5 ab | 18.1 ab | 21.7 ab | 21.0 ab | 15.5 b | 17.6 | 20.1 | 19.7 | 24.3 | 19.7 | 19.1 | 20.4 |
| Caloric impact | 24.6 | 22.7 | 24.8 ab | 24.4 ab | 22.3 ab | 26.3 a | 26.0 ab | 18.5 b | 22.1 | 23.8 | 23.8 | 25.0 | 23.7 | 22.8 | 25.9 |
| Vitamin impact | 15.9 | 16.5 | 4.0 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 14.1 | 17.5 | 15.8 | 17.9 | 16.1 | 16.9 | 13.4 |
| * Occasional reading | 4.0% | 4.7% | 0% | 2.9% | 3.5% | 5.5% | 0% | 18.2% | 20.0% | 6.1% | 1.1% | 0% a | 2.7% ab | 7.2% b | 3.3% ab |
| * Frequent reading | 70.5% | 67.1% | 86.7% | 73.9% | 60.9% | 72.7% | 86.4% | 54.5% | 56.0% | 67.7% | 71.3% | 88.9% | 72.6% | 60.4 | 76.7% |
a–c: Different letters in the same row and sociodemographic variable (sex, age group, and education level) or BMI indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). NK: Nutrition knowledge; ATFL: Attitude Toward Food Labels; NR: Reasons for Never Reading the Nutrition Information; FCQ: Food Choice Questionnaire. * The first item of Label-Reading Behavior: occasional reading (options: never and rarely) and frequent reading (options: often and always).