Table 3.
CIE parameters (L*, a* and b*) in raw and grilled burgers (mean ± SE).
| Sample | L* [-] | a* [-] | b* [-] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day 1 | Day 6 | Day 1 | Day 6 | Day 1 | Day 6 | ||
| Raw burgers | CON | 46.65 ± 2.18 B | 46.60 ± 2.13 C | 19.40 ± 2.38 | 19.37 ± 2.34 | 10.46 ± 1.85 C | 10.42 ± 1.77 C |
| CON_LOW FAT | 47.66 ± 2.33 B | 47.85 ± 2.34 CB | 22.17 ± 3.67 | 22.27 ± 3.84 | 13.15 ± 2.12 B | 12.92 ± 1.83 B | |
| SO | 52.73 ± 2.92 A | 53.69 ± 3.37 A | 19.01 ± 2.53 | 19.41 ± 2.53 | 15.78 ± 1.87 A | 16.43 ± 2.45 A | |
| CO | 51.30 ± 2.13 A | 51.61 ± 2.31 A | 20.52 ± 2.13 | 21.10 ± 1.97 | 14.69 ± 1.85 AB | 15.04 ± 1.82 AB | |
| LO | 51.44 ± 1.89 A | 50.75 ± 2.35 AB | 18.93 ± 2.48 | 19.45 ± 2.10 | 16.41 ± 1.64 A | 16.53 ± 1.57 A | |
| OO | 50.75 ± 2.00 A | 50.69 ± 1.98 AB | 19.52 ± 1.95 | 19.48 ± 1.91 | 16.14 ± 1.10 A | 16.10 ± 1.06 A | |
| MF | 52.35 ± 2.24 A | 52.29 ± 2.19 A | 20.29 ± 2.08 | 20.24 ± 1.99 | 15.66 ± 1.41 A | 15.62 ± 1.38 A | |
| SEM | 0.3671 | 0.392 | 0.315 | 0.310 | 0.309 | 0.322 | |
| Effects | |||||||
| Treatment | *** | ** | *** | ||||
| Storage time | NS | NS | NS | ||||
| Treatment × Storage time | NS | NS | NS | ||||
| Grilled burgers | CON | 35.32 ± 0.87 A | 35.16 ± 1.03 A | 7.30 ± 0.78 B | 7.33 ± 0.80 BC | 11.94 ± 0.62 A | 11.69 ± 0.56 A |
| CON_LOW FAT | 31.04 ± 1.27 C | 30.72 ± 1.49 CD | 9.05 ± 1.02 A | 8.82 ± 1.09 AB | 9.73 ± 0.97 BC | 9.56 ± 0.82 BCD | |
| SO | 28.09 ± 2.77 C | 27.32 ± 2.73 E | 7.26 ± 1.95 B | 6.84 ± 1.92 C | 8.51 ± 2.04 C | 7.99 ± 2.08 D | |
| CO | 31.72 ± 2.37 BC | 31.50 ± 2.01 BC | 8.77 ± 0.91 AB | 8.94 ± 0.97 A | 10.02 ± 1.22 BC | 10.09 ± 1.28 ABC | |
| LO | 31.13 ± 1.60 A | 31.71 ± 2.16 BC | 9.07 ± 1.18 A | 8.82 ± 0.95 AB | 10.56 ± 1.07 AB | 10.33 ± 0.98 AB | |
| OO | 34.17 ± 1.67 AB | 33.89 ± 1.89 AB | 8.50 ± 0.88 AB | 8.84 ± 0.86 AB | 10.03 ± 0.90 BC | 10.26 ± 0.89 AB | |
| MF | 27.64 ± 2.08 C | 27.93 ± 2.54 DE | 7.30 ± 1.20 B | 6.92 ± 1.16 C | 8.72 ± 1.29 C | 8.55 ± 1.34 CD | |
| SEM | 0.384 | 0.396 | 0.166 | 0.172 | 0.190 | 0.196 | |
| Effects: | |||||||
| Treatment | *** | *** | *** | ||||
| Storage time | NS | NS | NS | ||||
| Treatment × Storage time | NS | NS | NS | ||||
CON—control group beef burgers, CON_LOW FAT—burgers with reduced fat, burgers with fat substitutions, i.e., sunflower oil (SO), canola oil (CO), linseed (LO), olive oil (OO) and milk fat (MF). (A–E)—means with different letters showing significant effect of treatment group in the same day of storage; Effects ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001; NS—no significant; SE—standard error of the mean.