Table 5.
Fatty Acids | CON | CON_LOW FAT | SO | CO | LO | OO | MF | CON | CON_LOW FAT | SO | CO | LO | OO | MF | SEM | Effects | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Day 6 | Treatment | Storage Time | Treatment × Storage Time | ||||||||||||||
C12:0 | 0.06 B | 0.06 B | 0.04 ABb | 0.03 A | 0.03 A | 0.03 Ab | 1.28 C | 0.06 A | 0.05 A | 0.03 Aa | 0.03 A | 0.03 A | 0.02 Aa | 1.35 B | 0.070 | *** | NS | NS |
C14:0 | 2.66 Db | 2.8 Eb | 1.96 Cb | 1.52 B | 1.29 A | 1.32 Ab | 6.20 F | 2.47 Ba | 2.43 Ba | 1.36 Aa | 1.57 A | 1.36 A | 1.19 Aa | 6.42 C | 0.259 | *** | ** | *** |
C14:1 | 1.76 CD | 1.68 CD | 1.45 Cb | 0.95 B | 0.62 A | 0.79 ABb | 1.93 E | 1.48 B | 1.44 B | 0.82 Aa | 0.94 A | 0.68 A | 0.64 Aa | 1.86 C | 0.075 | *** | *** | *** |
C15:0 | 0.33 C | 0.34 C | 0.24 B | 0.19 AB | 0.18 A | 0.18 A | 0.68 D | 0.32 B | 0.35 B | 0.20 A | 0.21 A | 0.21 A | 0.21 A | 0.71 C | 0.027 | *** | NS | NS |
C15:1 | 0.23 BC | 0.2 B | 0.15 A | 0.13 A | 0.13 A | 0.12 A | 0.26 C | 0.20 B | 0.22 B | 0.12 A | 0.13 A | 0.14 A | 0.11 A | 0.26 C | 0.008 | *** | NS | NS |
C16:0 | 24.36 C | 25.06 C | 18.42 B | 16.13 A | 16.19 A | 18.71 Bb | 28.48 D | 24.73 B | 24.46 B | 16.74 A | 16.76 A | 16.48 A | 15.87 Aa | 28.85 C | 0.743 | *** | * | ** |
C16:1 | 6.16 D | 5.67 D | 4.93 Cb | 3.39 B | 2.50 A | 3.22 ABb | 4.78 C | 5.76 D | 5.01 CD | 3.24 ABa | 3.52 AB | 2.54 A | 2.79 Aa | 4.33 BC | 0.194 | *** | *** | ** |
C17:0 | 0.73 B | 0.85 B | 0.50 A | 0.48 A | 0.48 A | 0.43 A | 0.74 B | 0.80 B | 0.92 C | 0.46 A | 0.49 A | 0.51 A | 0.41 A | 0.75 B | 0.027 | *** | NS | NS |
C17:1 | 0.98 D | 0.99 D | 0.72 C | 0.59 B | 0.51 A | 0.53 AB | 0.75 C | 0.98 C | 0.95 C | 0.57 A | 0.60 A | 0.50 A | 0.49 A | 0.72 B | 0.030 | *** | ** | * |
C18:0 | 11.51 D | 11.47 D | 8.20 AB | 7.37 A | 9.37 BCa | 8.10 AB | 10.6 CD | 12.35 CD | 14.16 D | 8.52 AB | 7.63 A | 9.98 ABCb | 8.00 A | 10.91 BC | 0.324 | *** | ** | NS |
C18:1 trans | 0.01 CD | 0.01 CD | 0.01 BC | 0 A | 0.02 E | 0.01 B | 0.02 DE | 0.01 CD | 0.02 DE | 0.01 BC | 0 A | 0.02 E | 0.01 B | 0.02 DE | 0.001 | *** | NS | NS |
C18:1 cis | 45.42 D | 45.39 D | 41.34 Cb | 53.79 Eb | 29.61 A | 58.83 Fb | 36.7 B | 44.88 C | 43.82 C | 37.19 Ba | 53.04 Da | 29.87 A | 43.15 Ca | 36.00 B | 1.298 | *** | *** | *** |
C18:2 9,12 trans | 1.17 B | 1.20 B | 0.99 B | 0.60 A | 0.49 A | 0.52 A | 1.03 B | 1.12 B | 1.10 B | 0.66 A | 0.62 A | 0.47 A | 0.53 A | 1.03 B | 0.045 | *** | ** | ** |
C18:2 9,12 cis | 2.79 A | 1.88 Aa | 18.63 Da | 9.73 C | 34.37 E | 4.92 Bb | 1.99 A | 2.20 A | 2.25 Ab | 27.68 Cb | 9.41 B | 33.22 D | 3.38 Aa | 1.99 A | 1.847 | *** | * | *** |
C18:3 6,9,12 | 0.28 C | 0.29 C | 0.19 B | 0.36 D | 0.15 A | 0.13 Aa | 0.26 C | 0.26 B | 0.25 B | 0.14 A | 0.34 C | 0.14 A | 0.5 Db | 0.24 B | 0.016 | *** | *** | *** |
C18:3 9,12,15 | 0.36 B | 0.30 AB | 0.24 A | 2.61 Db | 3.13 E | 0.51 C | 0.35 B | 0.35 AB | 0.32 AB | 0.23 A | 2.45 Ca | 2.98 D | 0.57 B | 0.35 AB | 0.174 | *** | NS | NS |
C20:0 | 0.59 C | 0.59 C | 0.51 B | 0.56 C | 0.32 A | 0.48 B | 0.67 D | 0.53 CD | 0.56 CD | 0.43 AB | 0.55 CD | 0.34 A | 0.47 AB | 0.67 D | 0.017 | *** | NS | NS |
C20:1 | 0.55 Cb | 0.55 C | 0.51 Cb | 0.84 Db | 0.26 A | 0.38 ABb | 0.48 BC | 0.44 Ba | 0.42 B | 0.31 ABa | 0.74 Ca | 0.25 A | 0.31 ABa | 0.42 B | 0.027 | *** | *** | NS |
C20:2 + C21:0 | 0.10 C | 0.10 C | 0.06 ABb | 0.08 ABC | 0.08 BCb | 0.05 A | 0.09 C | 0.09 CD | 0.11 D | 0.05 Aa | 0.07 ABC | 0.07 ABCa | 0.06 AB | 0.09 BCD | 0.003 | *** | NS | NS |
C20:3 8,11,14 | 0.08 BC | 0.10 C | 0.06 AB | 0.09 C | 0.05 Ab | 0.05 A | 0.09 C | 0.10 C | 0.10 C | 0.05 AB | 0.08 ABC | 0.04 Aa | 0.08 BC | 0.09 C | 0.004 | *** | NS | * |
C20:4 + C20:3 11,14,17 | 0.19 B | 0.15 AB | 0.11 A | 0.11 AB | 0.15 ABb | 0.12 AB | 0.15 AB | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.11 a | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.010 | *** | NS | NS |
C22:0 | 0.02 A | 0.02 A | 0.22 D | 0.14 C | 0.07 B | 0.07 B | 0.04 A | 0.02 A | 0.02 A | 0.31 C | 0.13 B | 0.07 AB | 0.08 AB | 0.04 A | 0.013 | *** | * | ** |
C22:1 | 0.04 BC | 0.04 C | 0.02 AB | 0.14 D | 0.02 A | 0.02 A | 0.05 C | 0.03 B | 0.04 B | 0.02 A | 0.13 C | 0.02 A | 0.02 A | 0.05 B | 0.006 | *** | NS | NS |
C20:5 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 b | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.04 AB | 0.04 B | 0.02 AB | 0.02 A | 0.02 Aa | 0.02 A | 0.04 AB | 0.002 | *** | NS | NS |
C24:0 | 0.08 A | 0.08 A | 0.13 B | 0.11 B | 0.1 AB | 0.32 C | 0.08 A | 0.09 A | 0.07 A | 0.15 A | 0.1 A | 0.09 A | 0.28 B | 0.07 A | 0.012 | *** | NS | NS |
C24:1 | 0 A | 0 A | 0 A | 0.04 B | 0 A | 0 A | 0 A | 0 A | 0 A | 0 A | 0.04 B | 0 A | 0 A | 0 A | 0.002 | *** | NS | ** |
C22:6 | 0.10 C | 0.09 BC | 0.06 AB | 0.06 AB | 0.07 ABCb | 0.05 A | 0.08 ABC | 0.13 C | 0.12 BC | 0.06 A | 0.05 A | 0.05 Aa | 0.05 A | 0.08 AB | 0.005 | *** | NS | NS |
CON—control group beef burgers, CON_LOW FAT— burgers with reduced fat, burgers with fat substitutions, i.e., sunflower oil (SO), canola oil (CO), linseed (LO), olive oil (OO) and milk fat (MF); SFA = saturated fatty acids; MUFA = monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acids. (A–F)—means with different letters showing significant effect of treatment group in the same day of storage; (a,b)—means with different letters showing significant effect of storage time in each treatment group; p ≤ 0.05. Effects * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001; NS—no significant; SE—standard error of the mean.