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. 2022 Jul 5;11(13):1986. doi: 10.3390/foods11131986

Table 5.

Fatty acid profile of raw burgers on day 1 and day 6 of storage (mean ± SE).

Fatty Acids CON CON_LOW FAT SO CO LO OO MF CON CON_LOW FAT SO CO LO OO MF SEM Effects
Day 1 Day 6 Treatment Storage Time Treatment × Storage Time
C12:0 0.06 B 0.06 B 0.04 ABb 0.03 A 0.03 A 0.03 Ab 1.28 C 0.06 A 0.05 A 0.03 Aa 0.03 A 0.03 A 0.02 Aa 1.35 B 0.070 *** NS NS
C14:0 2.66 Db 2.8 Eb 1.96 Cb 1.52 B 1.29 A 1.32 Ab 6.20 F 2.47 Ba 2.43 Ba 1.36 Aa 1.57 A 1.36 A 1.19 Aa 6.42 C 0.259 *** ** ***
C14:1 1.76 CD 1.68 CD 1.45 Cb 0.95 B 0.62 A 0.79 ABb 1.93 E 1.48 B 1.44 B 0.82 Aa 0.94 A 0.68 A 0.64 Aa 1.86 C 0.075 *** *** ***
C15:0 0.33 C 0.34 C 0.24 B 0.19 AB 0.18 A 0.18 A 0.68 D 0.32 B 0.35 B 0.20 A 0.21 A 0.21 A 0.21 A 0.71 C 0.027 *** NS NS
C15:1 0.23 BC 0.2 B 0.15 A 0.13 A 0.13 A 0.12 A 0.26 C 0.20 B 0.22 B 0.12 A 0.13 A 0.14 A 0.11 A 0.26 C 0.008 *** NS NS
C16:0 24.36 C 25.06 C 18.42 B 16.13 A 16.19 A 18.71 Bb 28.48 D 24.73 B 24.46 B 16.74 A 16.76 A 16.48 A 15.87 Aa 28.85 C 0.743 *** * **
C16:1 6.16 D 5.67 D 4.93 Cb 3.39 B 2.50 A 3.22 ABb 4.78 C 5.76 D 5.01 CD 3.24 ABa 3.52 AB 2.54 A 2.79 Aa 4.33 BC 0.194 *** *** **
C17:0 0.73 B 0.85 B 0.50 A 0.48 A 0.48 A 0.43 A 0.74 B 0.80 B 0.92 C 0.46 A 0.49 A 0.51 A 0.41 A 0.75 B 0.027 *** NS NS
C17:1 0.98 D 0.99 D 0.72 C 0.59 B 0.51 A 0.53 AB 0.75 C 0.98 C 0.95 C 0.57 A 0.60 A 0.50 A 0.49 A 0.72 B 0.030 *** ** *
C18:0 11.51 D 11.47 D 8.20 AB 7.37 A 9.37 BCa 8.10 AB 10.6 CD 12.35 CD 14.16 D 8.52 AB 7.63 A 9.98 ABCb 8.00 A 10.91 BC 0.324 *** ** NS
C18:1 trans 0.01 CD 0.01 CD 0.01 BC 0 A 0.02 E 0.01 B 0.02 DE 0.01 CD 0.02 DE 0.01 BC 0 A 0.02 E 0.01 B 0.02 DE 0.001 *** NS NS
C18:1 cis 45.42 D 45.39 D 41.34 Cb 53.79 Eb 29.61 A 58.83 Fb 36.7 B 44.88 C 43.82 C 37.19 Ba 53.04 Da 29.87 A 43.15 Ca 36.00 B 1.298 *** *** ***
C18:2 9,12 trans 1.17 B 1.20 B 0.99 B 0.60 A 0.49 A 0.52 A 1.03 B 1.12 B 1.10 B 0.66 A 0.62 A 0.47 A 0.53 A 1.03 B 0.045 *** ** **
C18:2 9,12 cis 2.79 A 1.88 Aa 18.63 Da 9.73 C 34.37 E 4.92 Bb 1.99 A 2.20 A 2.25 Ab 27.68 Cb 9.41 B 33.22 D 3.38 Aa 1.99 A 1.847 *** * ***
C18:3 6,9,12 0.28 C 0.29 C 0.19 B 0.36 D 0.15 A 0.13 Aa 0.26 C 0.26 B 0.25 B 0.14 A 0.34 C 0.14 A 0.5 Db 0.24 B 0.016 *** *** ***
C18:3 9,12,15 0.36 B 0.30 AB 0.24 A 2.61 Db 3.13 E 0.51 C 0.35 B 0.35 AB 0.32 AB 0.23 A 2.45 Ca 2.98 D 0.57 B 0.35 AB 0.174 *** NS NS
C20:0 0.59 C 0.59 C 0.51 B 0.56 C 0.32 A 0.48 B 0.67 D 0.53 CD 0.56 CD 0.43 AB 0.55 CD 0.34 A 0.47 AB 0.67 D 0.017 *** NS NS
C20:1 0.55 Cb 0.55 C 0.51 Cb 0.84 Db 0.26 A 0.38 ABb 0.48 BC 0.44 Ba 0.42 B 0.31 ABa 0.74 Ca 0.25 A 0.31 ABa 0.42 B 0.027 *** *** NS
C20:2 + C21:0 0.10 C 0.10 C 0.06 ABb 0.08 ABC 0.08 BCb 0.05 A 0.09 C 0.09 CD 0.11 D 0.05 Aa 0.07 ABC 0.07 ABCa 0.06 AB 0.09 BCD 0.003 *** NS NS
C20:3 8,11,14 0.08 BC 0.10 C 0.06 AB 0.09 C 0.05 Ab 0.05 A 0.09 C 0.10 C 0.10 C 0.05 AB 0.08 ABC 0.04 Aa 0.08 BC 0.09 C 0.004 *** NS *
C20:4 + C20:3 11,14,17 0.19 B 0.15 AB 0.11 A 0.11 AB 0.15 ABb 0.12 AB 0.15 AB 0.27 0.26 0.12 0.12 0.11 a 0.14 0.14 0.010 *** NS NS
C22:0 0.02 A 0.02 A 0.22 D 0.14 C 0.07 B 0.07 B 0.04 A 0.02 A 0.02 A 0.31 C 0.13 B 0.07 AB 0.08 AB 0.04 A 0.013 *** * **
C22:1 0.04 BC 0.04 C 0.02 AB 0.14 D 0.02 A 0.02 A 0.05 C 0.03 B 0.04 B 0.02 A 0.13 C 0.02 A 0.02 A 0.05 B 0.006 *** NS NS
C20:5 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 b 0.02 0.03 0.04 AB 0.04 B 0.02 AB 0.02 A 0.02 Aa 0.02 A 0.04 AB 0.002 *** NS NS
C24:0 0.08 A 0.08 A 0.13 B 0.11 B 0.1 AB 0.32 C 0.08 A 0.09 A 0.07 A 0.15 A 0.1 A 0.09 A 0.28 B 0.07 A 0.012 *** NS NS
C24:1 0 A 0 A 0 A 0.04 B 0 A 0 A 0 A 0 A 0 A 0 A 0.04 B 0 A 0 A 0 A 0.002 *** NS **
C22:6 0.10 C 0.09 BC 0.06 AB 0.06 AB 0.07 ABCb 0.05 A 0.08 ABC 0.13 C 0.12 BC 0.06 A 0.05 A 0.05 Aa 0.05 A 0.08 AB 0.005 *** NS NS

CON—control group beef burgers, CON_LOW FAT— burgers with reduced fat, burgers with fat substitutions, i.e., sunflower oil (SO), canola oil (CO), linseed (LO), olive oil (OO) and milk fat (MF); SFA = saturated fatty acids; MUFA = monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA = polyunsaturated fatty acids. (A–F)—means with different letters showing significant effect of treatment group in the same day of storage; (a,b)—means with different letters showing significant effect of storage time in each treatment group; p ≤ 0.05. Effects * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001; NS—no significant; SE—standard error of the mean.