The effect of 5-demethyl NOB on leukemia cell viability. (a) The chemical structure of 5-demethylnobiletin (5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3′,4′-pentamethoxyflavone). (b) HL-60, THP-1, U937, HEL and K562 cells were treated with vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or 5-demethyl NOB (20–80 μM) for 48 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. (c) THP-1 cells were treated with vehicle, cytarabine (Ara-C, 20 μM) or 5-demethyl NOB (20–100 μM) for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. (d) THP-1 cells (2.5 × 105/mL) were seeded and incubated with 5-demethyl NOB (20 and 40 μM) for 0–96 h. The number of cells was measured by counting viable cells using trypan blue staining. (e) PBMCs were treated with 5-demethyl NOB (10–80 μM) for 48 h, and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The data represent the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. ** p < 0.01 represents significant differences compared to the vehicle-treated group.