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. 2022 Jun 24;23(13):7046. doi: 10.3390/ijms23137046

Table 3.

Vaccine-Based Therapies in Glioblastoma.

Target/Product Summary
EGFRvIII
Rindopepimut

  • Rindopepimut is an EGFRvIII targeting peptide vaccine.

  • Phase III, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial for newly diagnosed GBM 1 with EGFRvIII expression terminated for futility due to no difference in mOS 2
Survivin
SurVaxM

  • Survivin is an intracellular anti-apoptotic protein highly expressed in GBM cells.

  • In a phase I study, 9 patients with rGBM 3, treated with survivin peptide mimic SurVaxM, mOS 86.6 weeks.

  • Phase II clinical trial NCT04013672 underway.
WT1
DSP-7888

  • Wilm’s tumor 1 (WT1) is a transcription factor detected in GBM.

  • In a phase I study, 7 patients with rGBM treated with WT1 peptide vaccine DSP-7888, 2 had stable disease.

  • Phase III clinical trial NCT03149003 underway.
VEGFR-2
VXM01

  • Vaccine platform VXM01 includes an attenuated Salmonella typhi, TY21a that encodes vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2).

  • In a phase I study, 14 patients with rGBM, treated with tolerable safety.

  • Phase I/II clinical trial NCT03750071 underway.
Multipeptide
IMA950

  • IMA950, multipeptide vaccine based on GBM cell surface antigen expression patterns.

  • In a phase I/II study, 19 patients with GBM treated, mOS 19 months after protocol amendment and product modification.

  • Phase I/II clinical trial NCT03665545 is underway.
Multipeptide
EO2401

  • EO2401, multipeptide vaccine based on oncomimics.

  • Phase Ib/IIa clinical trial NCT04116658 is underway.
Personalized
Neoantigen Vaccine

  • In a phase I/Ib trial, APVAC neoantigen vaccine administered to 10 patients with new GBM, mOS of 16.8 months.
Personalized
APVAC

  • In a phase I trial, personalized vaccine APVAC administered to 15 patients with new GBM, tolerable safety.
Dendritic Cell
ICT-107

  • Uses antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) to generate a polyvalent immune response.

  • In a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 124 patients treated, mOS 17 months in treatment group compared to 15 months in placebo group.
Dendritic Cell
Audencel

  • In a phase II, 1:1 randomized trial, 76 patients treated, mOS 18.3 months in both treatment and control groups.
Dendritic Cell
China Medical University trial

  • In a phase II, randomized trial, 34 patients treated, mOS 31.9 months in treatment group compared to 15 months in placebo group.
Dendritic Cell
DCVaxL

  • In a phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 331 patients treated, mOS 23.1 months in treatment group compared to historical mOS 15–17 months, further analysis pending.
Dendritic Cell
EudraCT 2009-009879-35 trial

  • In a phase II trial, 32 patients with new GBM who underwent fluorescence-guided maximal resection treated, mOS 23.4 months.
Dendritic Cell
EudraCT 2006-002881-20 trial

  • In a phase I/II trial, 77 patients with new GBM treated postoperatively, mOS 18.3 months.

1 GBM: Glioblastoma; 2 mOS: Median overall survival; 3 rGBM: Recurrent glioblastoma.