Table 1. Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of the study population.
| All (n = 539) | Infection group (n = 317) | Non-infection group (n = 222) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 44.88 ± 11.50 | 46.69 ± 11.22 | 42.31 ± 11.44 | P < 0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 468 (86.83%) | 267 (84.23%) | 201 (90.54%) | 0.033 |
| Smoker, n (%) | 239 (44.34%) | 145 (45.74%) | 94 (42.34%) | 0.434 |
| Drinker, n (%) | 188 (34.88%) | 122 (38.49%) | 66 (29.73%) | 0.036 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.18 (20.76–25.26) | 23.01 (20.76–25.26) | 23.18 (20.76–25.61) | 0.786 |
| Course of hepatitis (years) | 9 (2–17) | 9 (2–20) | 9 (1.44–14.44) | 0.196 |
| Admission reason, n (%) | ||||
| Ascites | 103 (19.11%) | 82 (25.87%) | 22 (9.91%) | P < 0.001 |
| GEVB | 6 (1.11%) | 6 (1.89%) | 0 (0%) | 0.100 |
| HE | 24 (4.45%) | 13 (4.1%) | 11 (4.95%) | 0.636 |
| Infection | 92 (17.07%) | 92 (29.02%) | 0 (0%) | P < 0.001 |
| Virus replication | 46 (8.53%) | 24 (7.57%) | 22 (9.91%) | 0.339 |
| Jaundice | 268 (49.72%) | 100 (31.55%) | 167 (75.23%) | P < 0.001 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | ||||
| Negative | 148 (27.46%) | 67 (21.14%) | 81 (36.49%) | – |
| Positive | 391 (72.54%) | 250 (78.86%) | 141 (63.51%) | P < 0.001 |
| HE, n (%) | ||||
| Negative | 416 (77.18%) | 226 (71.29%) | 190 (85.59%) | – |
| Positive | 123 (22.82%) | 91 (28.71%) | 32 (14.41%) | P < 0.001 |
| HS, n (%) | ||||
| Negative | 460 (85.34%) | 247 (77.92%) | 213 (95.95%) | – |
| Positive | 79 (14.66%) | 70 (22.08%) | 9 (4.05%) | P < 0.001 |
| Cirrhosis, n (%) | ||||
| Negative | 347 (64.38%) | 181 (57.10%) | 166 (74.77%) | – |
| Positive | 192 (35.62%) | 136 (42.90%) | 56 (25.23%) | P <0.001 |
| Long-time bed, n (%) | ||||
| Negative | 282 (52.32%) | 148 (46.69%) | 134 (60.36%) | – |
| Positive | 257 (47.68%) | 169 (53.31%) | 88 (39.64%) | 0.002 |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 17 (3.15%) | 16 (5.05%) | 1 (0.45%) | 0.003 |
| Artificial liver, n (%) | 314 (58.26%) | 174 (54.89%) | 140 (63.06%) | 0.058 |
| Laboratory data at admission | ||||
| PTA (%) | 35 (27–40) | 33 (27–39) | 37 (29–40) | 0.002 |
| INR | 2.28 (2–2.83) | 2.36 (2.01–2.9) | 2.16 (1.99–2.73) | 0.121 |
| ALT (U/L) | 280 (87–713) | 214 (71.5–597) | 358.5 (130.75–772) | 0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 205 (108–490) | 190 (101.5–456.5) | 215 (117.75–508.75) | 0.187 |
| TBIL (μmol/L)a | 300.59 ± 137.81 | 308.03 ± 150.79 | 289.98 ± 116.32 | 0.118 |
| DBIL (μmol/L)a | 214.21 ± 100.13 | 219.76 ± 109.69 | 206.28 ± 84.24 | 0.108 |
| ALB (g/L)a | 30.90 ± 4.98 | 29.68 ± 4.61 | 32.70 ± 4.64 | P < 0.001 |
| Globulin (g/L)a | 28.42 ± 7.58 | 28.36 ± 7.70 | 249 ± 7.39 | 0.838 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 2.19 (1.69–2.74) | 2.14 (1.59–2.65) | 2.28 (1.83–2.86) | 0.003 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.02 (0.85–1.28) | 1.01 (0.84–1.25) | 1.04 (0.85–1.33) | 0.174 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 117.1 (100.26–129.51) | 111.98 (86.94–125.66) | 123.43 (109.14–133.27) | P < 0.001 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 6.11 (4.49–8.41) | 6.03 (4.47–8.79) | 6.19 (4.62–7.76) | 0.715 |
| Hb (g/L) | 127 (109–140) | 124 (105.5–138) | 130.5 (113.75–142) | P < 0.001 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 104 (71–139) | 100 (62.5–134) | 109 (76.75–149) | 0.004 |
| HBV DNA (log10 IU/ml) | 5.19 (3.48–6.70) | 5.16 (3.28–6.55) | 5.3 (3.74–6.92) | 0.08 |
| HBeAg positive, n (%) | 178 (33.02%) | 102 (32.18%) | 76 (34.23%) | 0.617 |
| MELD scores | 27 (25–30) | 27 (23–31) | 26 (23–29) | 0.003 |
| ACLF grade, n (%) | ||||
| grade 1 | 317 (58.81%) | 165 (52.05%) | 152 (68.47%) | P < 0.001 |
| grade 2 | 128 (23.75%) | 83 (26.18%) | 45 (20.27%) | 0.112 |
| grade 3 | 94 (17.44%) | 69 (21.77%) | 25 (11.26%) | 0.002 |
Notes:
ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; ALB, albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BMI, body mass index; DBIL, direct bilirubin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GEVB, gastroesophageal variceal bleeding; Hb, hemoglobin; HBeAg, Hepatitis B virus e antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HE, hepatic encephalopathy; HS, hepatorenal syndrome; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; PLT, platelet; PTA, prothrombin activity; TBIL, total bilirubin; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; WBC, white blood cell. Values are expressed as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise specified.
a
Values are expressed as means ± SD.