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. 2022 Jun 28;23(13):7200. doi: 10.3390/ijms23137200

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A higher number of GBM EVs was precipitated by EV-specific synthetic peptides. (A) Schematic drawing of EV precipitation with peptide magnetic beads. The biotinylated peptides bound to streptavidin linked Dynabeads were incubated with EVs at 4 °C overnight, and EVs were eluted with low pH buffer and neutralized with 1 M Tris-HCl (pH 10). (B) ExoView analysis demonstrated that higher amounts of EVs were affinity-precipitated by corresponding peptides compared to control peptides. GBM plasma EVs (top panel), GBM tumor cell line EVs (middle panel), and HC plasma EVs (lower panel) were precipitated by corresponding peptides and control peptides, followed by analysis with ExoView. About 5- to 20-fold more target EVs were precipitated by peptides compared to control EVs. (C) Higher target EV concentrations precipitated by specific peptides compared to control EVs. (D) NTA showed that higher target EV concentrations were precipitated by specific peptides compared to control EVs. Specific peptides can capture 10–50 times more target EVs than control EVs.