| AGEs | Advanced glycation end products |
| 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase | AMPK |
| dHDL | Direct high-density lipoprotein |
| DM | Diabetes mellitus |
| DHE | Dihydroethidium |
| GLUT | Glucose transporter |
| HbA1c | Glycated hemoglobin A1c |
| LECs | Lens epithelial cells |
| NADPH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate |
| NOX4 | NADPH oxidase 4 |
| NRF2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 |
| RAGE | Receptor for advanced glycation end products |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SGLT2 | Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 |
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