| AuNPs | Gold nanoparticles |
| NPs | nanoparticles |
| SPR | surface plasmon resonance |
| NIR | near-infrared |
| CT | computed tomography |
| PAI | photoacoustic imaging |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| FWHM | full width half maximum |
| SB | sodium borohydride |
| SC | sodium citrate |
| NBP | nanobipyramid |
| NRS | nanorod shell |
| TEM | Transmission electron microscopy |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscope |
| SERS | Surface-Enhanced Raman Resonance |
| FA | folic acid |
| MBA | 4-mercaptobenzoic |
| BSA | bovine serum albumin |
| RBSA | reduced bovine serum albumin |
| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| SIO2 | Silicon dioxide |
| Ag | silver |
| DOX | doxorubicin |
| PSS | poly sodium 4-styrenesulfonate |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| HAuCl4 | gold acid |
| HRTEM | high resolution Transmission electron microscopy |
| SAED | selected area electron diffraction |
| NaBH4 | Sodium borohydride |
| OCT | optical coherence tomography |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| CTAB | hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide |
| siRNA | small interfering Ribonucleic acid |
| HER | Herceptin |
| HER2 | human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 |
| DFM | dimethylformamide |
| FI | fluorescence imaging |
| EPR | enhanced permeability and retention |
| GSH | glutathione |
| CAL-27 | human tongue squamous cell carcinoma |
| PSMA | prostate specific membrane antigen |
| Gd | gadolinium |
| T2-relaxation | spin–spin relaxation |
| NMR | nuclear magnetic resonance |
| DTPA | diethylenetriamine pentaacetate |
| LA | lactobionic acid |
| EDC | 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide |
| NHS | n-hydroxysuccinimide |
| NBP | nanobipyramid |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| 64Cu | copper-64 |
| RGD | tripeptide arg-gly asp |
| PPT | photothermal therapy |
| PDT | photodynamic therapy |
| Fe3O4 | iron oxide |
| MCF 7 | breast cancer cell line |
| 4T1 | breast cancer cell line |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| ErbB2 | receptor tyrosine kinase 2 |
| DM1 | emtansine |
| PTX | paclitaxel |
| CPT | camptothecin |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| RES | permeability and retention; |
| COOH | carboxylic group |
| NIH3T3 | fibroblast cell line |
| MG63 | hypotriploid human cell line |
| A542 | epithelial cell |