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. 2022 Jun 21;23(13):6888. doi: 10.3390/ijms23136888

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The isosurfaces of the electrostatic potential for pristine TiO₂(001) (left), Ca-deposited TiO₂(001) surfaces (center), and the thin film of Cu₂O(001) formed on Ca-TiO₂(001) (right), where TiO₂ is considered with the structure of rutile polymorph. The color map is given for values between −7.5 (blue) and 15 eV (red), with the yellow color corresponding to 5 eV.