Figure 2.

The functional roles of the cGMP signaling pathways in neurons, astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, and pericytes (see text for detailed description). AMPA: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor; GluA1: ionotropic glutamate receptor of AMPA type, subunit 1; CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; IL6: interleukin 6; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; NMDA-R: N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor; RhoA: Ras homolog family member A; ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule; VCAM: vascular cell adhesion molecule; all other abbreviations are explained in the figure legend for Figure 1.