Table 3.
Association between trace metals and annual change of MMSE *.
| Trace Metal | aMCI | AD | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Partial Correlation # | p-Value | Partial Correlation # | p-Value | |
| B | −0.70 | 0.001 | −0.03 | 0.967 |
| Al | −0.09 | 0.707 | −0.01 | 0.982 |
| Ca | 0.50 | 0.026 | −0.82 | 0.092 |
| Mn | −0.35 | 0.133 | −0.91 | 0.035 |
| Co | −0.25 | 0.296 | −0.37 | 0.545 |
| Cu | −0.11 | 0.646 | −0.44 | 0.454 |
| Ga | 0.10 | 0.676 | −0.04 | 0.948 |
| Ge | −0.03 | 0.889 | NA | NA |
| Se | 0.20 | 0.405 | 0.35 | 0.560 |
| Zr | −0.58 | 0.007 | −0.50 | 0.389 |
| Sb | 0.13 | 0.594 | 0.71 | 0.178 |
| Ba | −0.25 | 0.298 | −0.45 | 0.449 |
| W | −0.30 | 0.194 | NA | NA |
| Au | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Hg | 0.23 | 0.338 | −0.40 | 0.508 |
| Tl | −0.42 | 0.064 | 0.14 | 0.823 |
| Pb | −0.13 | 0.593 | −0.80 | 0.108 |
| Bi | −0.11 | 0.657 | 0.64 | 0.250 |
| Th | −0.52 | 0.020 | NA | NA |
| U | 0.04 | 0.885 | 0.74 | 0.156 |
Abbreviations: MMSE, Mini-Mental Status Examination; aMCI, amnestic mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; NA, not applicable; # Adjusted for age, education level and body mass index; * defined as ([the second assessment − the first assessment]/follow up year).