Table 3.

Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Quasi-Experimental Studies (non-randomized experimental studies).

Author and Year	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6	Q7	Q8	Q9
de Sire et al., 2020 [13]	Y	N/A	N/A	N/A	Y	Y	N/A	Y	N/A
Cho et al., 2015 [31]	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	N
Ibrahim et al., 2018 [32]	Y	Y	Y	Y	N	N	Y	Y	N
Moreau et al., 2010 [33]	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	Y	N
Wyrick et al., 2006 [34]	Y	N/A	N/A	N	N	N	Y	Y	Y
Lattanzi et al., 2012 [35]	Y	N/A	N/A	N/A	Y	Y	N/A	Y	N/A
Fourie et al., 2009 [36]	Y	N/A	N/A	N/A	Y	N	N/A	Y	N/A
Wei et al., 2013 [37]	Y	N/A	N/A	N/A	N	N	N/A	Y	N/A
Tilley et al., 2009 [38]	Y	N/A	N/A	N/A	Y	N	N/A	Y	N/A
Crane et al., 2017 [39]	Y	N/A	N/A	N/A	N	Y	N/A	Y	N/A
Jacob et al., 2019 [40]	Y	N/A	N/A	N/A	Y	N	N/A	Y	N/A

Question Q1 = Is it clear in the study what is the ‘cause’ and what is the ‘effect’ (i.e., there is no confusion about which variable comes first)?; Q2 = Were the participants included in any comparisons similar?; Q3 = Were the participants included in any comparisons receiving similar treatment/care, other than the exposure or intervention of interest?; Q4 = Was there a control group?; Q5 = Were there multiple measurements of the outcome both pre and post the intervention/exposure?; Q6 = Was follow up complete and, if not, were differences between groups in terms of their follow up adequately described and analyzed?; Q7 = Were the outcomes of participants included in any comparisons measured in the same way?; Q8 = Were outcomes measured in a reliable way?; Q9 = Was appropriate statistical analysis used?; N = no; Y = yes; N/A = not applicable.