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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2022 Jun 1;212(Pt E):113591. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113591

Table 2:

Associations between maximum total hydrocarbon (THC) exposure and risk of type 2 diabetes, with different adjustment sets

Age adjustmenta Basic adjustmentb Full adjustmentc
Full sample (n = 2660)
  Max THC (ppm)d n cases/n
total
RR 95% CI CLRe RR 95% CI CLR RR 95% CI CLR



   < 0.30 29/361 1 1 1
   0.30 - 0.99 72/840 1.11 (0.74, 1.68) 2.27 1.06 (0.70, 1.60) 2.29 1.07 (0.71, 1.62) 2.28
   1.00 - 2.99 77/802 1.20 (0.80, 1.80) 2.25 1.20 (0.79, 1.81) 2.29 1.23 (0.82, 1.86) 2.27
   ≥ 3.00 62/657 1.33 (0.88, 2.03) 2.31 1.25 (0.81, 1.92) 2.37 1.28 (0.83, 1.97) 2.37
Trend test p-value: 0.16 Trend test p-value: 0.26 Trend test p-value: 0.22
Males only (n = 2050)
  Max THC (ppm)
   < 0.30 14/209 1 1 1
   0.30 - 0.99 51/577 1.35 (0.77, 2.37) 3.08 1.27 (0.72, 2.24) 3.11 1.27 (0.72, 2.24) 3.11
   1.00 - 2.99 69/672 1.54 (0.89, 2.67) 3.00 1.52 (0.88, 2.63) 2.99 1.54 (0.89, 2.65) 2.98
   ≥ 3.00 58/592 1.67 (0.96, 2.92) 3.04 1.58 (0.90, 2.77) 3.08 1.61 (0.92, 2.82) 3.07
Trend test p-value: 0.10 Trend test p-value: 0.13 Trend test p-value: 0.10
a

Adjusted for age with restricted quadratic splines

b

Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education

c

Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, employment status, and health insurance status

d

Maximum total hydrocarbon exposure

e

Confidence limit ratio