Table 1.
Baseline patient characteristics according to baseline clinical, ECG pattern, and cardiac acoustic biomarkers.
| RVAP (n = 58) | LBBP (n = 47) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n (%)) | 34(58.62) | 34(72.34) | 0.143 |
| Age (years) | 72.0 ± 12.45 | 66.47 ± 11.05 | 0.019 |
| Indications for implantation | <0.001 | ||
| AVB | 32 | 13 | |
| AF with slow ventricular rate | 26 | 13 | |
| HFrEF with CLBBB | 0 | 21 | |
| Pacemaker mode | <0.001 | ||
| Dual chamber pacemaker | 30 | 13 | |
| Single chamber pacemaker | 28 | 13 | |
| CRT | 0 | 21 | |
| Days after implantation | 89.83 ± 20.38 | 86.91 ± 27.13 | 0.268 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 68.45 ± 15.45 | 71.68 ± 14.53 | 0.276 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 91.03 ± 13.17 | 90.48 ± 9.71 | 0.811 |
| Paced QRSd (ms) | 172.60 ± 35.48 | 145.32 ± 34.48 | <0.001 |
| QTc (ms) | 498.97 ± 70.49 | 475.60 ± 48.74 | 0.056 |
| QR interval in V5 (ms) | 53.45 ± 18.43 | 46.28 ± 17.52 | 0.045 |
| QRS axis, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Normal | 11 | 20 | |
| Left axis deviation | 33 | 18 | |
| Right axis deviation | 12 | 9 | |
| LVEF (%) at follow-up | 50.09 ± 16.39 | 50.21 ± 15.63 | 0.968 |
| NYHA class, n (%) | 0.302 | ||
| II | 32 | 24 | |
| III | 22 | 12 | |
| IV | 4 | 1 | |
| EMAT (ms) | 150.95 ± 19.46 | 108.23 ± 12.26 | <0.001 |
| EMAT% (%) | 17.41 ± 3.90 | 12.53 ± 3.05 | <0.001 |
| LVST (ms) | 309.41 ± 79.83 | 312.34 ± 30.00 | 0.812 |
| LVST% (%) | 34.05 ± 4.82 | 36.48 ± 4.18 | 0.008 |
Values are given as mean ± SD or n unless otherwise indicated. RVAP—right ventricular apical pacing. LBBP—left bundle branch pacing. AVB—atrioventricular block. AF—atrial fibrillation. HFrEF—heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. CLBBB—complete left bundle branch block. CRT—cardiac resynchronization therapy. MAP—mean arterial pressure. QRSd—QRS duration. QTc—corrected QT interval. LVEF—left ventricular ejection fraction. NYHA—New York Heart Association. EMAT— electromechanical activation time. LVST—left ventricular systolic time.