Table 2.
Summary of the risk factor analysis for developing a pulmonary complication after VBT. MD = mean difference; OR = odds ration; SE = standard error, CI = confidence interval.
| Endpoint | No Pulmonary Complications (N = 126) |
Pulmonary Complications (N = 14) |
MD/OR | SE | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic data | ||||||
| Age | 15.8 ± 4.8 | 15.7 ± 1.8 | 2.6 | 1.4 | −0.2 to 5.4 | 0.1 |
| Gender (male) | 15% (19 of 126) | 21.4% (3 of 14) | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.1 to 2.3 | 0.5 |
| Risser | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 3.3 ± 1.9 | −1.5 | 0.6 | −2.6 to −0.4 | 0.007 |
| Sanders | 5.9 ± 1.9 | 6.2 ± 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.6 | −0.7 to 1.3 | 0.6 |
| Preoperative data | ||||||
| Thoracic Cobb angle (°) | 53.8 ± 17.7 | 47.9 ± 16.1 | −5.9 | 5.0 | −15.7 to 3.9 | 0.2 |
| Thoracic bending (°) | 35.0 ± 17.6 | 26.0 ± 13.7 | −9.0 | 5.0 | −18.9 to 0.9 | 0.08 |
| Thoracic flexibility (%) | 39.0 ± 20.8 | 48.2 ± 16.2 | 9.2 | 6.0 | −2.5 to 20.9 | 0.1 |
| Lumbar Cobb angle (°) | 48.3 ± 14.1 | 48.0 ± 15.3 | −0.3 | 4.1 | −8.4 to 7.8 | 0.9 |
| Lumbar bending (°) | 19.9 ± 15.6 | 19.5 ± 14.6 | −0.4 | 4.5 | −9.3 to 8.5 | 0.9 |
| Lumbar flexibility (%) | 61.2 ± 37.1 | 64.1 ± 24.9 | 2.9 | 10.5 | −17.9 to 23.7 | 0.8 |
| Thoracic kyphosis (°) | 33.0 ± 13.7 | 31.2 ± 9.8 | −1.8 | 3.9 | −9.5 to 5.9 | 0.6 |
| Lumbar lordosis (°) | 53.0 ± 11.5 | 48.8 ± 12.2 | −4.2 | 3.4 | −10.8 to 2.4 | 0.2 |
| Sagittal vertical axis (mm) | 4.8 ± 27.1 | 6.2 ± 23.2 | 1.4 | 7.8 | −14 to 16.8 | 0.9 |
| Coronal balance (mm) | 9.2 ± 18.9 | 8.9 ± 24.0 | −0.3 | 5.6 | −11.4 to 10.8 | 0.9 |
| Pelvic incidence (°) | 50.3 ± 13.7 | 45.7 ± 15.3 | −4.6 | 4.0 | −12.5 to 3.3 | 0.3 |
| Pelvic tilt (°) | 9.4 ± 7.5 | 13.3 ± 15.5 | 3.9 | 2.5 | −0.9 to 8.7 | 0.1 |
| Intraoperative data | ||||||
| Double tether | 53% (67 of 126) | 42.8% (6 of 14) | 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 to 4.1 | 0.7 |
| Disk release | 66% (84 of 126) | 57% (8 of 14) | 1.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 to 3.9 | 0.7 |
| Anaesthesia time (min) | 334.9 ± 93.3 | 335.0 ± 87.2 | 0.1 | 2.7 | −53.3 to 53.5 | 0.9 |
| Surgical time (min) | 236.0 ± 28.8 | 232.5 ± 71.3 | −3.5 | 10.1 | −23.4 to 16.4 | 0.7 |
| 1st erect X-ray | ||||||
| Thoracic Cobb angle (°) | 25.7 ± 10.2 | 21.1 ± 6.0 | −4.6 | 2.9 | −10.3 to 1.1 | 0.1 |
| Thoracic correction (%) | 50.7 ± 15.6 | 50.5 ± 17.9 | −0.2 | 4.6 | −9.3 to 8.9 | 0.9 |
| Lumbar Cobb angle (°) | 16.6 ± 9.9 | 17.7 ± 11.2 | 1.1 | 2.9 | −4.6 to 6.8 | 0.7 |
| Lumbar correction (%) | 64.5 ± 20.7 | 63.9 ± 16.1 | −0.6 | 5.9 | −12.3 to 11.1 | 0.9 |
| Thoracic kyphosis (°) | 34.0 ± 11.7 | 36.2 ± 7.9 | 2.2 | 3.3 | −4.3 to 8.7 | 0.5 |
| Lumbar lordosis (°) | 46.5 ± 10.4 | 39.9 ± 12.2 | −6.6 | 3.1 | −12.6 to −0.5 | 0.03 |
| Sagittal vertical axis (mm) | 26.2 ± 27.3 | 35.1 ± 27.0 | 8.9 | 3.1 | −6.8 to 24.6 | 0.3 |
| Coronal balance (mm) | 15.5 ± 22.2 | 19.7 ± 20.9 | 4.2 | 6.4 | −8.5 to 16.9 | 0.5 |
| Pulmonary function | ||||||
| Total lung capacity | 101.3 ± 17.6 | 109.1 ± 19.8 | 7.8 | 5.2 | −2.4 to 18 | 0.1 |
| Forced expiratory volume 1 s | 89.0 ± 16.8 | 87.3 ± 10.2 | −1.7 | 4.8 | −11.1 to 7.7 | 0.7 |
| Forced vital capacity | 101.0 ± 19.7 | 113.2 ± 23.8 | 12.2 | 5.9 | 0.6 to 23.7 | 0.04 |