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. 2022 Jun 25;11(13):3671. doi: 10.3390/jcm11133671

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Trends in medication use among adult cough-related visits in ED setting: 2003–2018 NHAMCSa. Abbreviations: NHAMCS: National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; ED: Emergency Department; NCHS: National Center for Health Statistics. a The trend for gabapentinoids is not included because it had an unweighted count value of less than 30 in each time period, which is unreliable based on NCHS’s recommendation. b Ptrend were adjusted for age, sex, race, and payment source. c Dextromethorphan indicates dextromethorphan-containing antitussives. d The weighted-estimate of the denominator (i.e., adult cough-related ED visits) for each time period in NHAMCS is 25.2 million, 25.8 million, 30.1 million, 30.7 million, and 43.7 million for 2003–2005, 2006–2008, 2009–2011, 2012–2014, and 2015–2018, respectively.