Table 2.
Mushroom sps | Type of Cancer | Polysaccharide | Details of Clinical Study |
---|---|---|---|
Agaricus bisporus | Ovarian | Mushroom polysaccharide | Correlated mushroom intake and epithelial ovarian cancer in 500 participants, an observational study |
AndosanTM, a product made from the mycelium of Agaricus blazei, as well as smaller amounts of Grifola frondosa (3%) and Hericium erinaceus (15%), | Various cancers | β-glucans | Tested in various clinical trials, demonstrating antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antiallergic action |
AndosanTM, a product made from the mycelium of Agaricus blazei, as well as smaller amounts of Grifola frondosa (3%) and Hericium erinaceus (15%), | Multiple myeloma undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) | β-glucans | AndosanTM extract was orally administered (60 mL/d) for seven weeks to patients, the overall survival increased notably |
Lentinula edodes | Esophageal cancer | Lentinan | Lentinan + RT treated, decrease in RT toxicity |
Lentinula edodes | Gastric cancer | Lentinan | Lentinan + XELOX chemotherapy; enhanced XELOX chemotherapy response rate and performance status, decreased CT toxicity |
Lentinula edodes | Unresectable/recurrent gastric cancer | Lentinan | Lentinan + CT the MST was 139 days and CT alone given then MST was 114 days; increase in survival rate and response rate |
Lentinula edodes | Colorectal cancer | Lentinan | Lentinan + FOLFOX chemotherapy combined gave better response rate, performance status, and decreased CT toxicity |
Lentinula edodes | Advanced (gastrointestinal, liver and lung) cancer | Lentinan | Lentinan + CT; enhanced survival rate, response rate, PoD, decreased CT toxicity |
Lentinula edodes | Lung cancer | Lentinan | Lentinan + CT combined the resp. rate was 56.9% while for CT alone the resp. rate was 43.3%; lentinan led to higher response rate |
Lentinula edodes | Non-small cell lung cancer | Lentinan | Lentinan + CT -better response rate, decreased CT toxicity |
Lentinula edodes | Malignant pleural effusion | Lentinan | Lentinan (intrapleural infusion) + CT led to enhanced response rate and QoL, decreased CT toxicity |
Coriolus versicolor | Gastric, oesophageal, colorectal, breast and lung cancers | Protein bound polysaccharide PSK, Krestin | Immunostimulant, inhibits tumor growth Orally administered |
Coriolus versicolor | Gastric, esophageal, colorectal, breast and lung cancers | Polysaccharide peptide PSP | Immunostimulant, inhibit tumor growth Oral administration |
Grifola frondosa | Lung, lingual, breast, gastric, or liver cancer | D-fraction (β-glucan) | Inhibition of the progression of metastasis and reduced expression of (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 15–3 (CA15–3) and CA19–9) tumor markers |
Schizophyllum commune | Gastric, cervical cancer | Polysaccharide SPG, Sonifilan | Immunostimulant, intratumorally administered |
Schizophyllum commune | Recurrent and inoperable gastric cancer | Schizophyllan combined with conventional chemotherapy (tegafur or mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil | 367 patients studied with positive results |
Schizophyllum commune | Cervical cancer | Schizophyllan in combination with radiotherapy, | Schizophyllan consistently improved the overall survival of stage II cervical cancer patients |
Grifola frondosa | Hepatocellular carcinomas | D-fraction plus Maitake | 11 out of 15 hepatocellular carcinomas treated with a combination of D-fraction plus Maitake, showed an increased overall rate of 12–28% |
Ganoderma lucidum | Lung cancer | Ganopoly® (a polysaccharide product from G. lucidum | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was performed in 68 patients; improvement in immunological functions, with significant increases in plasma IL-2, IL-6, and IFN-γ concentrations, Cd56+, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) responses and NK activity; significant decreases in IL-1 and TNF-α |
Legend: CT = chemotherapy; MST = median survival time; PoD = progression of disease; RT = radiotherapy.