Table 1.

Coding of Pain Scales ^*

Code	KUSS	Knopf	FPS-R	VAS
A	0–1	0	0	0–9
B	2–3	1	2–4	10–35
C	3–7	2–3	6	36–69
D	8–10	4	8–10	70–100

FPR-S, Faces Pain Scale–Revised³⁹; Knopf, Pieces of Hurt⁴⁰; KUSS, Kindliche Unbehagen- und Schmerzskala nach Buettner⁴¹; VAS, Visual Analog Scale⁴²

^* Pain scales were coded into 4 categories for comparison purposes (from Code A for no pain or minor pain to Code D for severest pain).