Table 6.
Sensitivity analysis of the associations between diet and physical activity and BMI after excluding implausible energy reporters among pre-pregnant and postpartum women.
| Pre-Pregnancy (n = 577) § | Postpartum (n = 989) § | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted β (95% CI) | p Value | Adjusted β (95% CI) | p Value | |
| Age, year | 0.20 (0.13, 0.27) | <0.001 | 0.14 (0.08., 0.19) | <0.001 |
| Country of birth | ||||
| Australia (ref.) | ||||
| Other English-speaking country | 0.39 (−0.96, 1.74) | 0.567 | 0.18 (−1.61, 1.97) | 0.841 |
| Others | −1.66 (−2.70, −0.62) | 0.002 | −0.68 (−2.11, 0.75) | 0.154 |
| Remoteness | ||||
| Major cities (ref.) | ||||
| Inner regional | 0.80 (−90, 2.51) | 0.350 | 0.03 (−1.11, 1.17) | 0.952 |
| Other | 1.70 (−0.67, 4.07) | 0.157 | 1.18 (−0.46, 2.82) | 0.154 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Not married (ref.) | ||||
| Married | −0.35 (−1.44, 0.74) | 0.517 | ... | .. |
| Education | ||||
| Bachelor/Graduate diploma (ref.) | ||||
| Certificates/Advanced diploma | −0.75 (−2.54, 1.05) | 0.408 | −0.68 (−1.86, 0.50) | 0.254 |
| No non-school qualification | −0.28 (−1.93, 1.36) | 0.731 | 1.08 (−0.07, 2.22) | 0.064 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Clerical trade (ref.) | ||||
| Professional | −0.31 (−1.99, 1.36) | 0.710 | −0.83 (−2.74, 1.09) | 0.392 |
| Assoc. Professional | −0.35 (−1.92, 1.22) | 0.659 | −1.46 (−3.20, 0.29) | 0.100 |
| Other | −1.51 (−2.96, −0.06) | 0.041 | −0.69 (−2.71, 1.33) | 0.498 |
| SEIFA | ||||
| 1st (highest disadvantage) (ref.) | ||||
| 2nd quintile | 0.18 (−2.15, 2.50) | 0.880 | −0.48 (−2.27, 1.30) | 0.591 |
| 3rd quintile | −0.42 (−2.49, 1.64) | 0.684 | −1.13 (−3.04, 0.78) | 0.241 |
| 4th quintile | −0.62 (−2.75, 1.51) | 0.564 | −1.77 (−3.66, 0.12) | 0.066 |
| 5th quintile (least disadvantage) | −0.49 (−2.52, 1.54) | 0.631 | −1.49 (−3.10, 0.12) | 0.68 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoked (ref.) | ||||
| Current smoker | −1.55 (−2.95, −0.16) | 0.030 | 0.33 (−0.96, 1.62) | 0.612 |
| Ex-smoker | 0.47 (−1.12, 2.06) | 0.558 | 0.74 (−0.56, 2.04) | 0.262 |
| Self-assessed health | ||||
| Fair/poor (ref.) | ||||
| Excellent/very good/good | −2.22 (−5.09, 0.64) | 0.125 | −1.04 (−2.66, 0.58 | 0.203 |
| Dieting | ||||
| Not currently on diet (ref) | ||||
| Currently on diet | 2.28 (0.39, 4.17) | 0.019 | 3.24 (1.79, 4.71) | <0.001 |
| Vegetables, legumes/beans (binary) | ||||
| <5 serves/day (ref.) | ||||
| ≥5 serves/day | −1.23 (−2.46, 0.003) | 0.051 | 0.63 (−0.72, 1.99) | 0.354 |
| Fruit (binary) | ||||
| <2 serves/day (ref.) | ||||
| ≥2 serves | 0.86 (−0.31, 2.04) | 0.146 | −0.74 (−2.07, 0.59) | 0.270 |
| Grain (cereal) foods (binary) | ||||
| <6 serves (ref.) | ||||
| ≥6 serves/day | 1.44 (−0.21,3.09) | 0.086 | .. | … |
| Whole grain (serve, categorical) | ||||
| <1 serves/day (ref.) | ||||
| ≥1 to <2 serves/day | 0.48 (−1.07, 2.03) | 0.537 | −1.10 (−2.17, −0.03) | 0.044 |
| ≥2 to <3 serves/day | −0.58 (−2.44, 1.28) | 0.537 | −0.22 (−1.59, 1.15) | 0.748 |
| ≥3 serves/day | −1.11 (−2.42, 0.20) | 0.096 | −0.78 (−2.35, 0.79) | 0.324 |
| Milk and/or alternatives (binary) | ||||
| <2.5 serves/day (ref.) | ||||
| ≥2.5 serves/day | .. | .. | −0.26 (−1.38, 0.85) | 0.641 |
| Meats and alternatives (binary) | ||||
| <2.5 serves/day (ref.) | ||||
| ≥2.5 serves/day | 1.09 (−0.08, 2.25) | 0.067 | −0.66 (−1.88, 0.57) | 0.287 |
| Fibre (g/day) | .. | … | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.01) | 0.144 |
| Total fat (%E) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.07) | 0.724 | −0.04 (−0.09, 0.02) | 0.211 |
| Alcohol (%E) | −0.04 (−0.11, 0.03) | 0.231 | −0.01 (−0.08, 0.06) | 0.737 |
| DF (%E) | 0.03 (−0.01, 0.07) | 0.153 | −0.0003 (−0.03, 0.03) | 0.865 |
| SSBs (%E) | 0.06 (−0.06, 0.17) | 0.303 | .. | .. |
| Total energy (MJ) | −0.01 (−0.23, 0.21) | 0.927 | 0.33 (0.09, 0.58) | 0.007 |
| Total PA (minutes/wk) cont 1. | −0.001(−0.003, 0.001) | 0.208 | −0.002 (−0.004, −0.0001) | 0.041 |
Data were analysed using linear regression. Only data from multivariable linear regression analyses are presented. β, beta-coefficient; DF, discretionary foods; MJ, megajoules; MVPA, moderate-vigorous physical activity; PA, physical activity; SEIFA, socio-economic index of disadvantage for areas; SSBs, sugar sweetened beverages, %E, percentage energy. § Variables included here are similar to variables that were included in the main analyses and were selected based on backward stepwise elimination processes. 1 Total minutes of physical activity undertaken in last week (includes walking for transport + walking for fitness + Moderate + Vigorous time but do not include sessions).