Table 1.
Characteristics of participants at baseline by normal, overweight and obesity.
| Characteristics | Normal (n = 1835) | Overweight (n = 1652) | Obesity (n = 743) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 60.3 ± 10.1 | 58.8 ± 9.7 | 57.7 ± 0.7 | <0.001 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 1120 (61.0%) | 1075 (65.1%) | 519 (69.9%) | <0.001 |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.138 | |||
| Han | 1259 (68.6%) | 1059 (64.1%) | 452 (60.8%) | |
| Mongolian | 502 (27.4%) | 525 (31.8%) | 260 (35.0) | |
| Others | 74 (4.0%) | 68 (4.1%) | 31 (4.2%) | |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 782 (42.6%) | 574 (34.7%) | 212 (28.5%) | <0.001 |
| Current drinking, n (%) | 417 (22.7%) | 346 (20.9%) | 148 (19.9%) | 0.220 |
| Physical labor levels, n (%) | 0.841 | |||
| Low | 579 (31.6%) | 549 (33.2%) | 237 (31.9%) | |
| Moderate | 1190 (64.9%) | 1040 (63.0%) | 478 (64.3%) | |
| High | 66 (3.6%) | 63 (3.8%) | 28 (3.8%) | |
| Fruit/vegetables intake levels, n (%) | 0.300 | |||
| Few/day | 92 (5.0%) | 75 (4.5%) | 35 (4.7%) | |
| 250–500 g/day | 898 (48.9%) | 851 (51.5%) | 371 (49.9%) | |
| 500–1000 g/day | 732 (39.9%) | 634 (38.4%) | 278 (37.4%) | |
| >1000 g/day | 113 (6.2%) | 92 (5.6%) | 59 (7.9%) | |
| Whole grain intake levels, n (%) | 0.141 | |||
| Few/week | 410 (22.3%) | 306 (18.5%) | 145 (19.5%) | |
| 100–250 g/week | 393 (21.4%) | 370 (22.4%) | 171 (23.0%) | |
| 250–1000 g/week | 458 (25.0%) | 413 (25.0%) | 191 (25.7%) | |
| >1000 g/week | 574 (31.3%) | 563 (34.1%) | 236 (31.8%) | |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 1.8 ± 1.7 | 2.0 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.1 ± 0.9 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | 5.2 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 3.2 ± 0.8 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 3.3 ± 0.8 | 0.035 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 203 (11.1%) | 264 (16.0%) | 119 (16.0%) | <0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 175 (9.5%) | 222 (13.4%) | 93 (12.5%) | 0.001 |
| Spermidine, ng/mL | 23.8 (12.8–46.6) | 25.3 (13.8–50.5) | 27.2 (14.8–53.4) | 0.002 |
HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Data are presented as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or n (%).