Table 3.
Extraction yields of tomato samples (g extract/100 g dried tomato sample ± SD).
| Extract ID | Extraction Method | Sample Type/ Extraction Solvent |
Extraction Parameters * |
Extract Type |
Extract Consistency |
Extraction Yield ** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TSO-SE | SE | Tomato Seeds/ Hexane |
msample = 20 g Vsolvent = 250 mL |
Raw extract | Oil | 20.21 ± 1.22 a |
| TS-1-SE | SE | TomatoSlices/ Bioethanol |
msample = 20 g Vsolvent = 250 mL |
Raw extract | Solid oleoresin | 5.92 ± 0.69 b |
| TS-2-SE | Tomato Slices/ Ethyl Acetate |
msample = 20 g Vsolvent = 250 mL |
Raw extract | Solid oleoresin | 8.72 ± 0.93 b | |
| TP-1-SE | Tomato Pomace/ Bioethanol |
msample = 20 g Vsolvent = 250 mL |
Raw extract | Solid oleoresin | 13.23 ± 1.14 c | |
| TP-2-SE | Tomato Pomace/ Ethyl Acetate |
msample = 20 g Vsolvent = 250 mL |
Raw extract | Solid oleoresin | 14.33 ± 1.19 c | |
| TS-1-SFE | SFE | Tomato Slices/ Supercritical CO2 |
msample = 180 g T = 70 °C P = 400 bar GCO2 = 9 kg/h |
Raw extract | Liquid oleoresin | 5.25 ± 0.79 b |
| TS-1-SFE-A | Fraction A | Oil | 3.83 ± 1.28 b | |||
| TS-1-SFE-B | Fraction B | Solid oleoresin | 0.35 ± 0.02 b | |||
| TS-1-SFE-C | Fraction C | Liquid | 1.07 ± 0.26 b | |||
| TS-2-SFE | msample = 180 g T = 70 °C P = 450 bar GCO2 = 11 kg/h |
Raw extract | Liquid oleoresin | 6.64 ± 1.12 b | ||
| TS-2-SFE-A | Fraction A | Oil | 4.38 ± 0.86 b | |||
| TS-2-SFE-B | Fraction B | Solid oleoresin | 0.30 ± 0.03 b | |||
| TS-2-SFE-C | Fraction C | Liquid | 1.97 ± 0.09 b | |||
| TP-1-SFE | SFE | Tomato Pomace/ Supercritical CO2 |
msample = 180 g T = 70 °C P = 400 bar GCO2 = 9 kg/h |
Raw extract | Liquid oleoresin | 10.02 ± 1.14 c |
| TP-1-SFE-A | Fraction A | Oil | 7.69 ± 1.01 c | |||
| TP-1-SFE-B | Fraction B | Solid oleoresin | 1.27 ± 0.19 c | |||
| TP-1-SFE-C | Fraction C | Liquid | 1.06 ± 0.04 c | |||
| TP-2-SFE | msample = 180 g T = 70 °C P = 450 bar GCO2 = 11 kg/h |
Raw extract | Liquid oleoresin | 12.35 ± 1.55 c | ||
| TP-2-SFE-A | Fraction A | Oil | 8.95 ± 1.07 c | |||
| TP-2-SFE-B | Fraction B | Solid oleoresin | 1.85 ± 0.11 c | |||
| TP-2-SFE-C | Fraction C | Liquid | 1.57 ± 0.12 c |
* msample/[g]—the mass of the sample, Vsolvent/[mL]—the volume of the solvent, T/[°C]—the extraction temperature, P/[bar]—the extraction pressure, GCO2/[kg/h]—the solvent flow rate. ** means ± SD followed by a letter (a–c) indicate that there are no statistically significant differences between extraction yields with the same superscript letter according to Hartley’s Fmax test (p < 0.05) at level of significance α = 0.05.