Table 1.

Potential anti-tumorigenic mechanisms of vitamin D.

Effect	Molecular Determinants	Mechanism	Publications
Anti-proliferation	P27, PTEN, Akt Fox O3a	G1 arrest Cell cycle arrest	[58] [61]
Apoptosis	MEK cleavage MEKK-1	Apoptosis	[52]
Differentiation	EGF, Wnt/β-catenin	Epithelial-mesenchymal transition	[63]
Immunologic	TNF-α and IL-6	CD8+ T cell infiltration Anti-inflammation	[66] [67]