Effects of PAG, AOAA, and L-Asp on the cell death of human BC cells (a) The apoptotic level was measured by TUNEL staining (original magnification ×200). (b) Apoptotic index was calculated. (c) The expression levels of Bax, Bcl-2, Bad, Bcl-xl, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP were detected by Western blot. β-actin was used as a loading control. (d) Densitometric quantification was performed, normalized to the level of β-actin. The experiments were performed in triplicate. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01 compared with the control group; △△ p < 0.01 compared with PAG group; ★★ p < 0.01 compared with AOAA group; ##
p < 0.01 compared with L-Asp group.