Figure 1.

The simplified cycle of nosocomial bacterial infection and the crucial role of biofilms in the spreading and resistance process. The biofilms formed may be related to bacterial resistance depending on environmental conditions, in particular cleaning procedures, disinfection, and antibacterial agents. Increased persistence and avoidance of treatment with antibacterial substances lead to the preservation of bacteria on medical devices, surfaces, and tissues. This increases the risk of reinfection, contributes to the selection of resistant strains and their spread in the hospitals.