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. 2022 Jun 25;12(13):2183. doi: 10.3390/nano12132183

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Electrochemical study of biofilm formation—the Brdicka reaction. A range of measurement: −0.7 V to −1.95 V; voltage amplitude: −25 mV; time amplitude: 0.8 s; measurement time: 10 ms; pulse time: 30 ms; voltage step: 4 mV; sweep rate: 5 mV/s; sample volume: 10 μL; Brdicka buffer volume: 3 mL. Dependence of electrical current (nA) on potential (V). Mutual curve comparison between water and biofilm formation in the first and the second day for E. coli (EC) and S. aureus (SA) (A). Comparison between absolute area signals among medium and biofilm (B). Forest plot comparing effect of using 20 μg/mL of AgNPs from L. indica (LI), A. scholaris (AS), and A. multifolium (AM) on biofilms of S. aureus and E. coli against non-treated biofilms in 24 h (C) and 48 h (D). Box-plots comparing the overall area of non-treated biofilms and biofilms treated with 20 μg/mL AgNPs from LI, AS, and AM during 24 h (E) and 48 h (F).