A	absorbance
$\epsilon$	$\mathrm{molar} \mathrm{absorbance} \mathrm{coefficient}$
c	molar concentration
l0	optical path length
PLA	pulse laser ablation
NPs	nanoparticles
DT	thermal diffusivity
$\alpha$	attenuation coefficient
f	focal length of the lens
l	thickness of the liquid layer
n	refractive index of liquid
r	radius of the laser beam before focus
H v	heat of vaporisation
$\rho$	density
CQDS	carbon quantum dots
PLAL	pulsed laser ablation in liquid
λ	wavelength
${\tau }_L$	pulse duration
$l_{\alpha }$	optical penetration
k	thermal conductivity
$C_P$	specific heat capacity of the target material
τ e	electron cooling time
τ p	lattice heating time
$C_e$	volumetric heat capacity of electron
$T_e$	electron temperature
C	lattice volumetric heat capacity
$k_e$	electron thermal conductivity
$\gamma$	electron lattice energy heat transfer coefficient
R	reflectivity of the target material
I	laser intensity
F	laser fluence
Fth	threshold fluence
V	scanning speed
T	pulse duration
S	laser beam spot size
E	pulse energy
PRR	pulse repetition rate
ps	picosecond
ns	nanosecond
fs	femtosecond