Figure 4.

The image shows a proposal for a 3D model and the components that should be incorporated to generate better predictor models of the respiratory toxicity of AgNPs in vitro in future lung toxicology research. The addition of primary bronchial, epithelial, endothelial, fibroblast, ATI, and ATII cells will allow the in vitro representation of the physical barriers of the lungs. In turn, the addition of components such as pulmonary surfactant and macro-phages will allow the correct simulation of the cellular microenvironment and the immune defense system.