Table 4.

Representative works that use plasma for hydrogel synthesis and modification.

Hydrogel	Plasma Source	Operating Gas	Target Application(s)	Reference
Chitosan/acrylic acid	Plasma jet	Air	Wound healing	[153]
tPEO	Plasma jet	He	Various	[154]
Carboxymethyl cellulose/PVA	CAP	Ar, N${}_2$	Drug carrier	[155]
Chitosan/PVA	Glow discharge	Air, He, N${}_2$	Drug delivery	[156]
Chitosan/xanthan	PECVD	He, epichlorohydrin	Drug release	[157]
HEMA:DEAEMA	Plasma jet	Ar	Biosensing	[158]
Starch/Alginate	PECVD	O${}_2$, tetraethyl orthosilicate	Drug delivery	[159]
Gelatin	Plasma jet	-	-	[160]
Silk/fibrin	Plasma jet	Ar, N${}_2$	Wound healing	[161]
Gelatin/GO	DBD	Ar	Drug delivery	[162]
PVA/alginate	CAP	Ar, hexamethyldisiloxane	Drug delivery	[163]
PVA	DBD	He	-	[164]
Silicone	Glow discharge	He	Contact lens	[165]
Gelatin	Plasma jet	He	Drug delivery	[166]
NIPAAm	DBD	He	-	[167]
PVA/nanoparticle	CAP	He	Various	[168]
Chitosan/guar gum	CAP	Ar, O${}_2$	Drug delivery, antibiofilm	[169]
HEMA/PVP, TRIS/NVP/HEMA	PECVD	N${}_2$	Contact lens	[170]
PVA/Chitosan	RF discharge	Ar	-	[171]
Carboxymethyl/guar gum/PVA	Glow discharge	N${}_2$ and NH${}_3$	Drug delivery	[172]
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate	RF discharge	C${}_2$H${}_4$, C${}_4$H${}_6$, CO${}_2$, NH${}_3$	-	[173]
Gelatin/GO	Microplasma	Ar	Cartilage reconstructive surgey	[174,175]
Fe${}_3$O${}_4$-PNIPAm	Microplasma	He	-	[176]

tPEO—poly(ethylene oxide)-based triblock copolymer; PVA—polyvinyl alcohol; HEMA—hydroxyethyl methacrylate; DEAEMA—2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate; NIPAAm—N-isopropylacrylamide; PVP—poly(vinylpyrrolidone); TRIS—3-tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate; GO—graphene oxide; PNIPAm- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). PECVD—plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; DBD—dielectric barrier discharge; CAP—cold atmospheric plasma; RF—radio frequency.