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. 2022 Jun 30;14(13):2738. doi: 10.3390/nu14132738

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Anti-inflammation properties of BR extract upon SP induction in A549 lung cells and THP-1 macrophages. A549 (at 3 × 105 cell/well) and PMA-treated THP-1 macrophage (6.5 × 105 cell/well) were pre-treated with BR extract at the concentration of 0–100 μg/mL for 4 h, and then challenged with 100 ng/mL of SP for 3 h, then the supernatant was collected, and total RNA was extracted using TRIzol® reagent. The fold-change inhibition of inflammatory gene expressions (NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18) in A549 cells (A) and in THP-1 macrophages (B) upon BR extract treatment were determined using RT-PCR. The effect of BR extract on the inhibition of cytokine production (IL-6, IL1β, and IL-18) in A549 cells (C) and THP-1 macrophage (D) were determined using ELISA. Data are presented as mean ± S.D. values of at least three independent experiments. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. SP-induced control group. † p < 0.05 vs. non-treated control group. RT-PCR, Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.