Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of studied PD cohorts.
| Variable | 23andMe cohort | UPenn cohort | PPMI cohort | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICD− | ICD+ | p | ICD− | ICD+ | p | ICD− | ICD+ | p | |
| n = 3286 | n = 1976 | n = 139 | n = 49 | n = 252 | n = 68 | ||||
| 62.45% | 37.55% | 73.90% | 26.10% | 78.80% | 21.20% | ||||
| Age (years), M (SD) | 70.2 (8.8) | 67.6 (9.5) | <0.001 1 | 71.5 (8.1) | 68.9 (6.3) | 0.02 1 | 66.9 (9.7) | 62.3 (9.9) | <0.001 1 |
| Education (years), M (SD) | 16.7 (2.7) | 16.4 (2.7) | <0.001 1 | 16.1 (2.4) | 16.1 (2.5) | 0.49 1 | 15.6 (3.0) | 15.6 (3.0) | 0.91 1 |
| Disease duration (years), M (SD) | 5.2 (4.7) | 7.5 (5.9) | <0.001 1 | 11.3 (5.9) | 9.9 (5.0) | 0.12 1 | 5.06 (1.17) | 3.24 (1.45) | <0.001 1 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||||
| Female | 1535 (46.7) | 775 (39.2) | <0.001 2 | 64 (46.0) | 12 (24.5) | 0.008 2 | 86 (34.1) | 20 (29.4) | 0.56 2 |
| Male | 1751 (53.3) | 1201 (60.8) | 75 (54.0) | 37 (75.5) | 166 (65.9) | 48 (70.6) | |||
| Ancestry, n (%) | |||||||||
| Other | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | na | 16 (11.5) | 0 (0) | 0.01 2 | 14 (5.6) | 3 (4.4) | 1 2 |
| European | 3286 (100) | 1976 (100) | 123 (88.5) | 49 (100) | 238 (94.4) | 65 (95.6) | |||
| Dopamine agonist use, n (%) | |||||||||
| No | 2008 (61.1) | 712 (36.0) | <0.001 2 | 86 (61.9) | 24 (49.0) | 0.12 2 | 173 (68.7) | 32 (47.1) | <0.001 2 |
| Yes | 1278 (38.9) | 1264 (64.0) | 53 (38.1) | 25 (51.0) | 79 (31.3) | 36 (52.9) | |||
| Levodopa use, n (%) | |||||||||
| No | 632 (19.2) | 334 (16.9) | 0.036 2 | 18 (12.9) | 6 (12.2) | 0.90 2 | 52 (20.6) | 36 (52.9) | <0.001 2 |
| Yes | 2654 (80.8) | 1642 (83.1) | 121 (87.1) | 43 (88.5) | 200 (79.4) | 32 (47.1) | |||
ICD, impulse control disorder; PD, Parkinson's disease; M, mean; SD, standard deviation.
1
t‐test
2
Fisher exact test.
Bold values indicate statistically significant differences.