Table 1.
Characteristics of the COVID-19 study population and controls: serum 25(OH)D measured before COVID-19 diagnosis.
| Characteristic | COVID-19-Positive (n = 107) |
COVID-19-Negative (n = 214) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) ± SD | 51.2 ± 16.0 | 52.6 ± 15.3 | 0.49 |
| Sex—no. (%) | |||
| Male | 53 (49.5) | 106 (49.5) | 1.00 |
| Female | 54 (50.5) | 108 (50.5) | |
| Body Mass Index ± SD | 27.8 ± 5.8 | 27.5 ± 5.4 | 0.67 |
| Diabetes—no. (%) | |||
| Yes | 22 (20.6) | 44 (20.6) | 1.00 |
| No | 85 (79.4) | 170 (79.4) | |
| Hypertension—no. (%) | |||
| Yes | 50 (46.7) | 100 (46.7) | 1.00 |
| No | 57 (53.3) | 114 (53.3) | |
| Days between vitamin D and | |||
| COVID-19 test ± SD | 77.4 ± 39.9 | 77.7 ± 39.6 | 0.95 |
| Season—no. (%) | |||
| Winter (1 January–29 February) | 36 (33.6) | 72 (33.6) | |
| Spring (1 March–31 May) | 33 (30.8) | 68 (31.8) | 0.98 |
| Summer (1 June–31 August) | 38 (35.5) | 74 (34.6) | |
| Fall (1 September–30 September) | - | - |