Table 2.

clinical characteristics and exposure history of cases and controls

Variables	Case N= 497 n (%)	Controls N=997 n (%)	X2	P-value
Smoking history
Current smoker	25 (5)	42 (4.2)	0.518	0.472
Non-smoker	472 (95)	955 (95.8)
Pre-existing disease	123 (24.7)	163 (16.3)	15.117	<0.0005*
Hypertension	62 (12.5)	101 (10.1)	1.876	0.17
Diabetes	27 (5.4)	31 (3.1)	4.798	0.029*
Symptoms present before illness or test for COVID-19	256 (51.5)	145 (14.5)	230.796	<0.0005*
Type of symptoms present	N=256 (51.5)	N=145 (14.5)
Fever	143 (55.9)	73 (50.3)	123.395	<0.0005*
Cough	106 (41.4)	32 (22.1)	129.867	<0.0005*
Fatigue	102 (39.8)	25 (17.2)	138.397	<0.0005*
Sore throat	52 (20.3)	16 (11)	59.902	<0.0005*
Chest pain	51 (19.9)	10 (6.9)	72.596	<0.0005*
Anosmia	92 (35.9)	38 (3.8)	90.211	<0.0005*
Ageusia	67 (26.2)	33 (26.2)	54.937	<0.0005*
Difficulty breathing	63 (24.6)	9 (6.3)	100.224	<0.0005*
Headache	99 (38.7)	42 (29)	95.734	<0.0005*
Diarrhoea	15 (5.9)	4 (2.8)	18.09	<0.0005*
Vomiting	9 (3.5)	1 (0.6)	14.596	<0.0005*
Contact with a person with respiratory illness	59 (11.9)	67 (6.7)	11.396	0.01*
Contact with a confirmed case	168 (33.8)	474 (47.5)	25.550	<0.0005*
Contact with a symptomatic confirmed case	105 (63.6)	224 (47.4)	12.980	<0.0005*
Contact with any animal	62 (12.5)	168 (16.9)	4.876	0.027*
Eat raw or partially cooked meat (''Suya'')	104 (20.9)	146 (14.6)	9.393	0.002*
Travel outside country of residence	18 (3.6)	35 (3.5)	0.012	0.913
Attended mass gatherings outside country	21 (4.2)	29 (2.9)	1.777	0.18
Attended mass gathering within your country	126 (25.4)	218 (21.9)	2.275	0.13
Private transportation	303 (62.3)	753 (75.5)	27.687	<0.0005*
Public transportation	227 (46.7)	498 (49.9)	1.374	0.24
Use of face mask	467 (94.0)	963 (96.6)	5.578	0.018*

^*Significant variables