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. 2022 Jul 3;11(13):1770. doi: 10.3390/plants11131770

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Chemical composition of the wastewater from the cigarette butts (CB) cleaning process subjected to microalgal-based remediation. Six microalgal strains (F1, F2, F3, F4, R1 and LG1) were exposed to different CB wastewater dilutions: (A) 5, (B) 10 and (C) 25%. The remediation capacity of each strain was evaluated after 7 days. UWW represents the respective CB wastewater dilution without microalgae under the same growth conditions for 7 days, for more details see Material and Methods. The total abundance of chemical compounds in UWW was expressed as 100%. The abundance of remaining compounds in wastewater after microalgal-based remediation was obtained by its comparison with UWW. Different letters represent significant differences (p < 0.05) between the total abundance of chemical compounds in UWW and microalgal treated wastewater. Data are the means of 4 different replicates.