Structures of (a) (i–iv) sphere-based sensors, ((i) Reproduced with permission [26]. Copyright 2018 Elsevier; (ii) Reproduced with permission [59]. Copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., KGaA, Weinheim, Germany; (iii) Reproduced with permission [58]. Copyright 2020 The authors; (iv) Copyright 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., KGaA, Weinheim, Germany; (b) (i–iii) fiber-based sensors, (i) Reproduced with permission [27]. Copyright 2017 The Royal Society of Chemistry; (ii) Reproduced with permission [63]. Copyright 2016 The authors; (iii) Reproduced with permission [64]. Copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., KGaA, Weinheim, Germany and (c) (i–iii) rotator-stator structured sensors. ((i) Reproduced with permission [28]. Copyright 2019 The authors; (ii) Reproduced with permission [65]. Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society; (iii) Reproduced with permission [66]. Copyright 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd. (Bristol, UK)).