TABLE 4.
Appearance of dszA, dszB, and dszC genes in soils from different geographical locations, as well as in enrichment cultures, as evidenced by dsz gene-specific PCR followed by hybridizationa
| Soil(s) or enrichment culture | Origin | Pollution level | Site or time | Signalb in indicated culture for:
|
||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
dszA
|
dszB
|
dszC
|
||||||||||||||||
| D | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | D | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | D | E1 | E2 | E3 | E4 | ||||
| ELS | Ede, The Netherlands | Pristine | − | − | − | |||||||||||||
| FOS | Finland | Pristine | − | − | − | |||||||||||||
| C, V, SP | Brazil | Pristine | − | − | − | |||||||||||||
| FSL | Flevopolder, The Netherlands | Pristine | − | +/− | − | |||||||||||||
| FSL + DBT | Flevopolder, The Netherlands | Petroleum with DBT added | 7 days | − | − | + | + | + | +/− | − | − | + | + | − | + | + | + | + |
| 7 days | − | − | − | + | + | +/− | − | − | + | + | − | − | − | + | + | |||
| 15 days | − | + | + | + | + | +/− | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | |||
| 15 days | − | − | + | + | + | +/− | + | + | + | + | − | + | + | + | + | |||
| A | Amsterdam, The Netherlands (soil below oil storage tanks) | Long term; low-level-pollution | LP1 | +/− | +/− | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | +/− | − | + | + | + |
| LP2 | +/− | + | − | |||||||||||||||
| Long term; high-level pollution | P1 | +/− | + | − | ||||||||||||||
| P2 | + | + | + | |||||||||||||||
a
All products were verified by direct gel electrophoresis followed by blotting and hybridization with the appropriate probes generated by PCR with R. erythropolis strain IGTS8.
b
Overview of all results. Products of about 547 (dszA), 422 (dszB), and 392 bp (dszC) were scored. D, direct; E1 through E4, enrichment cultures 1 to 4 respectively. +, strong signal; +/−, weak or varying signal; −, no signal.