Table 2.

Experimental results regarding the effects induced by curcumin in cell models, through modulation of sirtuin activity and expression.

Cell Model	Curcumin Dosage	Mechanism of Action	Reference
H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to high-glucose (25 mmol/L) and high-fat (500 μmol/L saturated free fatty acid palmitate)	2.5–20 μM	↑ SIRT1-FOXO1 and PI3K-Akt pathways that were ↓ by the pathological conditions	[24]
HepG2 cells exposed to high-glucose (10mM and 30mM glucose)	5 μM and 10 μM	↑ Cell viability, ↑ SIRT3, PGC-1a, CREB, GPx1, and SOD2	[175]
Human THP-1 macrophages exposed to oxLDL for foam cell generation	0–80 μM	↑ SIRT6 expression ↑ cholesterol efflux through miR-125a-5p/SIRT6 axis and regulate the expression of ABCA1	[157]
Vascular smooth muscle cells	2.5–10 μM	↑ AMPK, superoxide level, ATP production ↑ SIRT1, NAD+ level	[149]
Vascular smooth muscle cells	5 μM	↓ SIRT7 cytostatic effect ↑ DNA methyltransferase 2 (DNMT2)	[125]
Vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells	0.1 and 1 μM	↓ IL-8 and VEGF ↑ phosphorylation of SIRT1 and the level of SIRT6 (after 2-18h), ↑ SIRT3 (1-3 days)	[32]
HUVECs exposed to 100 µM H2O2 for senescence induction	5, 10 and 25 µM, 48 h	↑ SIRT1 expression ↓ oxidative stress	[156]
Rat chondrocytes isolated from the cartilage of rat hip joint	0, 5, 10, 20, 25, and 50 μM/L	↓ apoptosis ↓ ER stress-related biomarkers CHOP, GRP78, and ATF4 ↑ SIRT1 expression	[139]
Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells	10 μM curcumin, 2 h, followed by hypoxic exposure treated cells were used for wound healing	↑ mitochondrial quality via promoting mitochondrial fusion and metabolic activity through PGC-1α and SIRT3 modulation	[187]
Human neuroblastoma cells SK-N-SH exposed to acrolein	5 μM-20 μM	↓ acrolein toxicity ↑ Nrf2, NF-κB, and SIRT1 expression	[192]
Colon cancer cells	1 or 10 μM, 3 h	↓ SIRT1 expression ↓ SIRT1 catalytic activity ↓tumor volume and invasivity	[174]
Cancer cells (FaDu and Cal27)	7 μM, 10 μM, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h	↑ SIRT1 expression ↑ caspase 8 and 9 activity	[156]
Primary culture of rat neurons exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity	10 μM, 20 μM 2h pretreatment	↓ cell death and apoptosis ↑ mitochondrial function ↑ SIRT1 expression ↓ ac-PGC1a	[168]