Table 2.
Factors associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
| Covariate | Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outcomes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admissiona | Oxygenb | Ventilationb | Deathb | |||||
| Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | |
| Age, yr | 1.03 | (1.02 to 1.04) | 1.03 | (1.02 to 1.04) | 1.04 | (1.03 to 1.05) | 1.06 | (1.04 to 1.07) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 1.09 | (0.86 to 1.39) | 0.92 | (0.71 to 1.19) | 0.89 | (0.66 to 1.21) | 0.92 | (0.65 to 1.31) |
| Ethnicityc | ||||||||
| Asian/other | 0.87 | (0.65 to 1.15) | 0.83 | (0.61 to 1.12) | 0.76 | (0.53 to 1.09) | 0.81 | (0.54 to 1.21) |
| Black | 1.00 | (0.74 to 1.35) | 0.85 | (0.61 to 1.18) | 0.76 | (0.51 to 1.12) | 0.70 | (0.45 to 1.11) |
| Diabetes | 1.34 | (1.06 to 1.69) | 1.37 | (1.06 to 1.77) | 1.32 | (0.97 to 1.79) | 1.30 | (0.92 to 1.84) |
| Immune suppressiond | 1.63 | (1.14 to 2.33) | 1.79 | (1.22 to 2.62) | 1.66 | (1.05 to 2.62) | 1.47 | (0.85 to 2.52) |
| Prior SARS-CoV-2e | 0.55 | (0.27 to 1.12) | 0.53 | (0.23 to 1.19) | 0.78 | (0.32 to 1.95) | 0.92 | (0.34 to 2.49) |
| Time period f | ||||||||
| 2 (January 2021) | 1.12 | (0.86 to 1.47) | 1.03 | (0.77 to 1.37) | 1.16 | (0.82 to 1.65) | 1.18 | (0.80 to 1.74) |
| 3 (February to March 2021) | 1.38 | (0.79 to 2.40) | 0.75 | (0.40 to 1.42) | 0.86 | (0.41 to 1.84) | 0.73 | (0.29 to 1.80) |
| 4 (April to July 2021) | 2.05 | (1.14 to 3.66) | 1.62 | (0.86 to 3.04) | 1.61 | (0.76 to 3.45) | 1.41 | (0.55 to 3.59) |
| 5 (August 2021) | 1.91 | (0.98 to 3.72) | 2.17 | (1.05 to 4.47) | 2.35 | (1.01 to 5.45) | 3.73 | (1.48 to 9.38) |
| 6 (September 2021) | 1.57 | (0.81 to 3.08) | 1.70 | (0.83 to 3.51) | 2.66 | (1.19 to 5.91) | 4.40 | (1.85 to 10.4) |
| Vaccination | ||||||||
| >10 d after first | 0.55 | (0.31 to 0.97) | 0.63 | (0.34 to 1.18) | 0.85 | (0.43 to 1.71) | 0.69 | (0.31 to 1.52) |
| >10 d after second | 0.25 | (0.14 to 0.44) | 0.18 | (0.09 to 0.34) | 0.22 | (0.10 to 0.47) | 0.12 | (0.05 to 0.30) |
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) by multivariable logistic regression model are adjusted for all variables shown. Clinical outcomes are “all cause,” not specifically due to coronavirus disease 2019. SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
a
Within 14 days of positive PCR.
b
Within 28 days of positive PCR.
c
Reference ethnicity White.
d
Any immune suppression treatment including steroids, tacrolimus, mycophenolate, azathioprine, and cytotoxic and biologic agents.
e
PCR positive at least 90 days prior to the current infection.
f
Reference time period 1 (December 2020).