Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients from all centers.
| Characteristics | Overall (N = 2282) |
Development (N = 1731) |
Validation (N = 551) |
p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 52.8 ± 19.8 | 53.5 ± 20.4 | 50.6 ± 17.9 | 0.003 |
| Sex | 0.001 | |||
| Male | 1193 (52.3) | 872 (50.4) | 321 (58.3) | |
| Female | 1089 (47.7) | 859 (49.6) | 230 (41.7) | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Any comorbidities | 942 (41.3) | 718 (41.5) | 224 (40.7) | 0.732 |
| Hypertension | 690 (30.2) | 531 (30.7) | 159 (28.9) | 0.418 |
| Diabetes | 419 (18.4) | 319 (18.4) | 100 (18.1) | 0.883 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 135 (5.9) | 104 (6.0) | 31 (5.6) | 0.741 |
| History of cancer | 115 (5) | 81 (4.7) | 34 (6.2) | 0.163 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Any symptoms | 1723 (75.5) | 1246 (72.0) | 477 (86.6) | <0.001 |
| Fever | 919 (40.3) | 634 (36.6) | 285 (51.7) | <0.001 |
| Cough | 995 (43.6) | 699 (40.4) | 296 (53.7) | <0.001 |
| Sputum | 653 (28.6) | 435 (25.1) | 218 (39.6) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnea | 404 (17.7) | 276 (15.9) | 128 (23.2) | <0.001 |
| Myalgia | 550 (24.1) | 344 (19.9) | 206 (37.4) | <0.001 |
| Sore throat | 396 (17.4) | 264 (15.3) | 132 (24.0) | <0.001 |
| Initial laboratory findings | ||||
| Lymphocyte count < 1000/μL * | 615 (29.7) | 459 (30.1) | 156 (28.6) | 0.503 |
| Platelet count < 150,000/μL * | 388 (18.7) | 284 (18.6) | 104 (19.0) | 0.826 |
| LDH > 300 U/L * | 1052 (55.2) | 603 (42.8) | 449 (90.5) | <0.001 |
| CRP > 50 mg/L * | 471 (23.1) | 345 (22.9) | 126 (23.5) | 0.783 |
| Clinical outcomes | ||||
| O2 supplementation | 408 (17.9) | 323 (18.7) | 85 (15.4) | 0.085 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 117 (5.1) | 84 (4.9) | 33 (6.0) | 0.292 |
| ECMO | 32 (1.4) | 21 (1.2) | 11 (2.0) | 0.173 |
| ICU admission | 124 (5.4) | 74 (4.3) | 50 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| In-hospital mortality | 106 (4.6) | 85 (4.9) | 21 (3.8) | 0.286 |
ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unit. Values in parentheses are percentages. Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, where applicable. * Lymphocytes, platelets, LDH and CRP results were available for 2071, 2075, 1902 and 2041 patients, respectively.