Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Heart Transplant Recipients
| Variable | White (n = 15 227) | Black (n = 4291) | Hispanic (n = 1723) | Other (n = 916) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 56 (47-63) | 53 (43-60) | 53 (42-60) | 54 (44-61) | <.001 |
| Male sex | 11 520 (75.7) | 2835 (66.1) | 1265 (73.4) | 705 (77.0) | <.001 |
| Education level | <.001 | ||||
| High school or less | 5261 (34.6) | 1913 (44.6) | 1015 (58.9) | 281 (30.7) | |
| Attended college/technical | 3777 (24.8) | 1187 (27.7) | 326 (18.9) | 214 (23.4) | |
| Associate/bachelor’s degree | 3077 (20.2) | 632 (14.7) | 166 (9.6) | 215 (23.5) | |
| Graduate degree | 1460 (9.6) | 246 (5.7) | 50 (2.9) | 131 (14.3) | |
| Missing | 1652 (10.8) | 313 (7.3) | 166 (9.6) | 75 (8.2) | |
| US citizen | 15 065 (98.9) | 4215 (98.2) | 1446 (83.9) | 815 (89.0) | <.001 |
| Public insurance | 6438 (42.3) | 2488 (58.0) | 1067 (61.9) | 431 (47.1) | <.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.9 (23.7-30.4) | 27.5 (23.9-31.5) | 26.5 (23.4-30.0) | 24.3 (21.3-28.0) | <.001 |
| History of diabetes | 3004 (19.7) | 1077 (25.1) | 453 (26.3) | 256 (27.9) | <.001 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 5122 (33.6) | 655 (15.3) | 459 (26.6) | 279 (30.5) | <.001 |
| History of smoking | 6048 (39.7) | 1631 (38.0) | 616 (35.8) | 326 (35.6) | <.001 |
| Creatinine level at time of transplantation, mg/dL | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 1.2 (1.0-1.5) | 1.1 (0.8-1.3) | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | <.001 |
| Bilirubin level at time of transplantation, mg/dL | 0.7 (0.5-1.1) | 0.7 (0.4-1.1) | 0.7 (0.5-1.2) | 0.7 (0.5-1.2) | <.001 |
| Days on waiting list | 87.0 (23.0-258.0) | 83.0 (22.0-258.0) | 67.0 (19.0-226.0) | 54.5 (15.0-189.5) | <.001 |
| On ventilator at transplantation | 238 (1.6) | 52 (1.2) | 19 (1.1) | 13 (1.4) | .22 |
| LVAD at transplantation | 5154 (33.8) | 1820 (42.4) | 591 (34.3) | 295 (32.2) | <.001 |
| Temporary MCS at transplantation | 1673 (11.0) | 591 (13.8) | 206 (12.0) | 121 (13.2) | <.001 |
| Receiving inotropes at transplantation | 5780 (38.0) | 1722 (40.1) | 754 (43.8) | 400 (43.7) | <.001 |
| Pretransplantation CO, L/min | 4.4 (3.6-5.4) | 4.3 (3.5-5.4) | 4.0 (3.2-5.0) | 3.9 (3.2-4.9) | <.001 |
| Pretransplantation PASP >40 mm Hg | 6986 (45.9) | 2171 (50.6) | 873 (50.7) | 430 (46.9) | <.001 |
| Pretransplantation PCWP >12 mm Hg | 10 985 (72.1) | 3088 (72.0) | 1288 (74.8) | 644 (70.3) | .06 |
| Pretransplantation TPG >12 mm Hg | 4540 (29.8) | 1498 (34.9) | 516 (29.9) | 279 (30.5) | <.001 |
| History of cardiac operation | 6586 (50.4) | 1747 (43.7) | 678 (42.9) | 382 (44.9) | <.001 |
| Waiting list status at transplantation | <.001 | ||||
| 1A | 6890 (45.2) | 1931 (45.0) | 793 (46.0) | 406 (44.3) | |
| 1B | 3916 (25.7) | 1090 (25.4) | 397 (23.0) | 243 (26.5) | |
| Old 2 | 1446 (9.5) | 169 (3.9) | 129 (7.5) | 74 (8.1) | |
| 1 | 236 (1.5) | 89 (2.1) | 25 (1.5) | 23 (2.5) | |
| 2 | 1328 (8.7) | 539 (12.6) | 187 (10.9) | 85 (9.3) | |
| 3 | 605 (4.0) | 224 (5.2) | 82 (4.8) | 54 (5.9) | |
| 4 | 628 (4.1) | 208 (4.8) | 91 (5.3) | 24 (2.6) | |
| 5 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| 6 | 147 (1.0) | 37 (0.9) | 18 (1.0) | 7 (0.8) | |
| Missing | 31 (0.2) | 4 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Blood group | <.001 | ||||
| A | 6987 (45.9) | 1227 (28.6) | 634 (36.8) | 289 (31.6) | |
| AB | 851 (5.6) | 262 (6.1) | 57 (3.3) | 66 (7.2) | |
| B | 1853 (12.2) | 974 (22.7) | 196 (11.4) | 232 (25.3) | |
| O | 5536 (36.4) | 1828 (42.6) | 836 (48.5) | 329 (35.9) | |
| Dialysis at follow-up | 613 (4.0) | 305 (7.1) | 59 (3.4) | 47 (5.1) | <.001 |
| Corticosteroid use at follow-up | 654 (4.3) | 278 (6.5) | 108 (6.3) | 53 (5.8) | <.001 |
| COVID death risk by state | <.001 | ||||
| Low | 1826 (12.0) | 156 (3.6) | 91 (5.3) | 67 (7.3) | |
| Mild | 3048 (20.0) | 872 (3.6) | 91 (5.3) | 67 (7.3) | |
| Moderate | 5747 (37.8) | 1673 (39.0) | 793 (46.0) | 460 (50.2) | |
| High | 4602 (30.2) | 1589 (37.0) | 694 (40.3) | 245 (26.8) |
Categorical variables are presented as number (percentage). Continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range).
BMI, body mass index; CO, cardiac output; COVID, coronavirus disease 2019; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; PASP, pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; TPG, transpulmonary gradient.