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. 2022 Apr 16;45(8):1555–1568. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01794-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Schematic flowchart of the two experiments. Experiment I: Prophylactical (P) and therapeutical (T) OST administration; Experiment II: Prophylactical OST, RAL, and combined OST + RAL administration. Eight-month-old male rats were either orchiectomized (ORX) or left intact (Non-ORX). In Experiment I, one of the two ORX groups was treated with OST for 18 weeks after ORX (OST-P), and the other ORX group was treated with OST from weeks 12 to 18 after ORX (OST-T). In Experiment II, ORX rats were treated with OST, RAL, or OST + RAL for 18 weeks after ORX. At the beginning, each group in both experiments contained 15 rats (N). At the end of the experiment, (n) the number of rats was analyzed